Simultaneous control of the pore volume and the surface wettability in porous carbons prepared by carbonization of iodin
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Simultaneous control of the pore volume and the surface wettability in porous carbons prepared by carbonization of iodine‑treated cellulose derivatives Naoya Miyajima1 · Taiyu Matsumura2 · Takuma Yanagisawa2 · Hideto Sakane1 Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microporous carbon was prepared by carbonization of carboxymethylcellulose and its sodium salt introduced various amounts of iodine. The iodine introducing treatment was performed by exposing raw materials to iodine vapor. Interaction between the carbon and water molecules was investigated by several methods related to water adsorption. The iodine treatment gave the porous carbons without reducing their char yield. The treatment on the sodium salt to I/Na molar ratio ≈ 1 gave the carbon both the largest microporous surface area of ca. 900 m 2/g and the amount of acidic surface functional groups of ca. 1.81 mmol/g in the carbon which led to a higher interaction with water. The introduced acidic functional groups contributed to an increase in active site of water adsorption. It was expected that a porous carbon with simultaneous and suitable improving of char yield, porosity, and surface wettability would be achieved by the simple processing of iodine treatment and carbonization from cellulose-based resources. Keywords Porous carbon · Cellulose · Iodine stabilization · Water adsorption
1 Introduction Wood-based biomass resources and corresponding wastes mainly consist of cellulose and are useful high-quality raw materials for producing activated carbon [1]. These resources are generally converted into non-graphitized carbon, i.e. poorly-ordered graphite microstructure, via solidphase carbonization processes [2]. Some of them exhibit open room surrounded by carbon microtextures, which is obtained by outgassing of light molecular species during carbonization [3, 4]. However, such carbon materials Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-020-00986-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Naoya Miyajima [email protected] 1
Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4‑3‑11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400‑8511, Japan
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4‑3‑11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400‑8511, Japan
2
usually demonstrate low porosity and hydrophobic surface after carbonization alone. Therefore, to use them in a water environment or in other similar applications, additional modifications are required, e.g. physical or chemical activation, surface treatment with acid, or heteroatomic doping, etc. Such modification mainly introduces acidic functional groups into the carbon edges and hydrophilicity [3–5]. Excessive introducing of the groups, however, might inhibit diffusion of adsorbate into the pores due to steric hindrance at the pore entrance [5, 6]. Excess activation also leads to substantial carbon lo
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