Simultaneous removal of chromium(VI) and tetracycline hydrochloride from simulated wastewater by nanoscale zero-valent i
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Simultaneous removal of chromium(VI) and tetracycline hydrochloride from simulated wastewater by nanoscale zero-valent iron/copper–activated persulfate Guangzhou Qu 1,2 & Rongjie Chu 1 & Hui Wang 1 & Tiecheng Wang 1,2 & Zengqiang Zhang 1,2 & Hong Qiang 1,2 & Dongli Liang 1,2 & Shibin Hu 1,2 Received: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, metallic copper (Cu) was supported on nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) to form a nanoscale bimetallic composite (nZVI-Cu), which was used to activate persulfate (PS) to simultaneously remove the compound contaminants Cr(VI) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in simulated wastewater. nZVI, nZVI-Cu, and nZVI-Cu-activated PS (nZVI-Cu/PS) were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS. The effects of the bimetallic composite on Cr(VI) and TCH removal were compared in the nZVI, nZVI-activated PS (nZVI/PS), nZVI-Cu, and nZVI-Cu/PS systems. The results showed that nZVI and Cu can form a nanobimetallic system, which can create galvanic cells; thus, the galvanic corrosion of nZVI and the transfer of electrons are accelerated. For a single contaminant, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and TCH is the highest when nZVI is loaded with 3 wt% and 1 wt% Cu, respectively. The ratio of nZVI-Cu with 3 wt% Cu to PS is 7:1, and the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and TCH compound contaminants is ~ 100% after 60 min under acidic conditions, which indicates that the Cr(VI) reduction and TCH oxidation were complete in the nZVI-Cu/PS system. The mechanisms of simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and TCH in the nZVI-Cu/PS system are proposed. The removal of Cr is because of the adsorption-reduction effects of the nZVI-Cu bimetallic material. The degradation of TCH is mainly due to the action of oxidative free radicals generated by Fe2+-activated PS. The free radical capture experiments showed that SO- 4· plays a major role in the process of TCH degradation. Keywords Nanoscale zero-valent iron . Persulfate . Oxidative free radical . Cr(VI) . Tetracycline hydrochloride . Removal mechanisms
Introduction With continuous economic development, the types and concentrations of pollutants increase in water environments, and various types of discharged sewage exhibit complex characteristics, high concentrations, biodegradation resistance, and
Responsible Editor: Vítor Pais Vilar * Guangzhou Qu [email protected] 1
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
2
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
high toxicity. Traditional biological treatment technology has difficulty meeting increasingly stringent sewage discharge standards. Advanced oxidation technology (AOP) has become a research hotspot for researchers to address such wastewater, and various new oxidation technologies are emerging (Kang et al. 2018). Persulfate (PS
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