Smoking-Related Social Control in Indonesian Single-Smoker Couples
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Smoking‑Related Social Control in Indonesian Single‑Smoker Couples DA Ayuningtyas1 · Marrit Tuinman1 · Yayi Suryo Prabandari2 · Mariët Hagedoorn1 Accepted: 8 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background The majority of Indonesian smokers are men and those who are married nearly always have a non-smoking wife (i.e. single-smoker couples). Previous studies have suggested that Indonesian women dislike smoking. However, contesting their husbands’ smoking could be seen as disrespectful. In this study, we examine whether, and if so how, wives employ social control tactics to change their husbands’ smoking and how the smokers perceive the tactics. Method In-depth interviews (N = 12) with five single-smoker couples (N = 10 individual interviews) and two non-smoking wives of smokers (N = 2) were conducted in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. We used a social control framework and thematic analysis approach to analyse the transcribed interviews. Results Three themes emerged from smokers and their wives: (1) although the wives know that smoking is bad, they have to tolerate it, (2) wives and their husbands find it important to maintain harmony and (3) their family’s needs serve as common ground. All the wives interviewed exerted social control to some degree, especially when they were pregnant or had children. Smokers reacted positively to social control and agreed to child-related house rules, but not to requests to give up smoking. Conclusion Wives do exert social control and smokers are willing to accommodate and adapt their smoking. However, wives’ influence on smoking may be limited in Indonesia, and focusing on managing their husbands’ smoking at home rather than overall smoking might be more fruitful. Keywords Smoking · Spouses · Qualitative research · Social control · Health behaviour
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-020-09935-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * DA Ayuningtyas [email protected] Marrit Tuinman [email protected] Yayi Suryo Prabandari [email protected] Mariët Hagedoorn [email protected] 1
Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Department of Health Behavior, Environment Health and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2
Indonesia has the highest prevalence of male smokers in the world, where 62.9% of men smoke daily, compared with only 4.8% of women [1]. While an overall decrease in smoking is taking place across the world, most countries will not achieve the WHO’s target of a 30% reduction in tobacco use by 2025 [2]. Smoking rates are even expected to increase in some developing countries, such as Burkina Faso, Pakistan and Indonesia [3]. In 2010, 31% of men smoked in Burkina Faso and 38% in Pakistan, and this is expected to increase to 49% and 45% respectively by 20
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