Soil application of ash produced by low-temperature fluidized bed gasification: effects on soil nutrient dynamics and cr
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Soil application of ash produced by low-temperature fluidized bed gasification: effects on soil nutrient dynamics and crop response Dorette Mu¨ller-Sto¨ver • Jesper Ahrenfeldt • Jens Kai Holm • Sherif Gebril Salem Shalatet Ulrik Henriksen • Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen
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Received: 5 June 2012 / Accepted: 13 September 2012 / Published online: 22 September 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract Recycling of residual products of bioenergy conversion processes is important for adding value to the technologies and as a potential beneficial soil fertility amendment. In this study, two different ash materials originating from low temperature circulating fluidized bed (LT-CFB) gasification of either wheat straw (SA) or residue fibers mainly from citrus peels (CP) were tested regarding their potential to be used as fertilizer on agricultural soils. A soil incubation study, a greenhouse experiment with barley and faba bean, and an accompanying outdoor experiment with maize were carried out to investigate the effects of the ashes on soil microbiological and chemical properties and on the response of the three crops. The ash treatments were compared with a control treatment that received only nitrogen, magnesium, and sulphur (CO) and a fully fertilized control (COPK). Soil microbial parameters were not significantly altered after ash application. SA was generally able to increase the levels of Olsen-P and of the ammonium acetate/acetic acid-extractable K in soil as well as to
D. Mu¨ller-Sto¨ver (&) J. Ahrenfeldt S. G. S. Shalatet U. Henriksen H. Hauggaard-Nielsen Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] J. K. Holm Chemical Engineering, DONG Energy Thermal Power A/S, Nesa Alle 1, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
improve the yield of barley and maize, whereas faba bean did not react positively to ash amendment. CP did not show beneficial effects on soil nutrient levels or on crop biomass. We conclude from the results of this study, that—depending on the feedstock used—ashes from LT-CFB gasification of plant biomass can be used to replace mineral fertilizers if they are applied according to their nutrient content, the crop demand, and soil properties. Keywords Biomass ash Gasification Fertilizer Phosphorus
Introduction Shifting society’s dependence from fossil energy towards the use of renewable biomass resources is regarded as an important pathway for provision of sustainable energy supply (Ragauskas et al. 2006). Taking into account increasing global food demand and lack of food security (Ostergard et al. 2009), it is essential to find solutions where the limited amount of biomass available for energy production is used as effectively as possible. Thermal gasification of biomass has proved to be a highly efficient way to utilize biomass for a series of different purposes (van der Stelt et al. 2011). Gasification technologies developed so far have, however, all been limited to the use of slow
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