Soil bacterial communities respond differently to graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide after 90 days of exposure
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0043-5
RAPID REPORT
Soil bacterial communities respond differently to graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide after 90 days of exposure Junjie Du1,3, Qixing Zhou2 ,*, Jianhu Wu1, Guifeng Li1, Guoqin Li1, Yongning Wu3 1 College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China 2 Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China 3 NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history: Received March 10, 2020
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) are likely to be entering the soil environment in increasing amounts via consumer products. However, the disturbance of bacterial commu-
Revised April 18, 2020
nities and their associated ecological functions by GBNs remains elusive. We performed a soil
Accepted May 20, 2020
incubation experiment with the addition of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The Illumina sequencing technique was used to investigate changes in bacterial
Keywords:
communities, and the functional groups of the communities were analyzed using the functional
Bacterial community
annotation of prokaryotic taxa database. After 90 days of exposure, RGO induced a lower
Biogeochemical cycle Nanomaterials
bacterial richness than GO. However, GO induced larger changes in community composition
Soil functions
and functions than RGO. After exposure to GBNs, some of the functional groups associated with organic matter degradation and biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen and sulfur decreased. However, the functional group associated with aromatic compound degradation increased, possibly because GBNs contain rich aromatic hydrocarbon structures, which are tolerated by this functional group. © Higher Education Press 2020
1 Introduction Soil ecosystems are the final destination of various nanomaterials. The rapidly increasing production and agricultural application of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) will likely lead to their accumulation in the soil environment (Wang et al., 2014; Pulizzi, 2019), and the concentrations of GBNs in agricultural applications have already reached the level of parts per million (ppm) (Yin et al., 2018; Kah et al., 2019). The
* Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] (Q. Zhou)
emergence of GBNs poses a threat of disturbing microbial communities, whose metabolism powers biogeochemical cycling in the Earth’s ecosystems (Louca et al., 2016). Previous studies have primarily focused on the effects of GBNs on microbial biomass, diversity, and populations, but the results remain inconclusive (Ren et al., 2018). Minor differences in experimental conditions likely shaped some of the observed taxonomic variations. However, the functional groups of microbial communities are more stable
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