The Role of Carbohydrates on The Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis and The Biochemical State of The Embryogenic Callus
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ORIGINALBEITRAG
The Role of Carbohydrates on The Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis and The Biochemical State of The Embryogenic Callus in Pyrus communis L. Cv. ‘Dar Gazi’ Atefe Ameri1 · Gholam Hossein Davarynejad1 · Nasrin Moshtaghi2 · Ali Tehranifar1 Received: 10 October 2018 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carbon source plays an important role in the induction of embryogenic callus (EC). Therefore it is necessary to determine the effective carbohydrate for improving this process. In this study, different carbohydrates as sucrose, maltose, and sorbitol with different levels (0–30 g/L) were tested in the callus induction of Pyrus communis. At first, in solid culture, calli were divided in relation to their morphological appearance in EC and non-EC. EC was white or yellow with the granular aspect. The morphological study revealed the highest frequency of EC (28.5%) obtained at 30 g/L sucrose. Biochemical analyses showed EC exhibited both soluble sugar and protein high contents, while the starch was at the lowest level. As well as flow cytometry showed EC were genetically similar to donor explants. With transferring the EC into the liquid culture, then, subculturing calli along with 2 ml cell suspension on solid medium led to the globular embryo.
Keywords Somatic Embryogenesis · Carbohydrate · Protein · Pyrus communi · Genetic stability
Die Rolle von Kohlenhydraten bei der Induktion der somatischen Embryogenese und der biochemischen Beschaffenheit des embryogenen Kallusgewebes von Pyrus communis L. cv. ’Dar Gazi’ Schlüsselwörter Somatische Embryogenese · Kohlenhydrat · Eiweiß · Pyrus communis · Genetische Stabilität
Introduction In plant cell and tissue culture, non-zygotic or somatic cells are induced to form embryos by a complex process of cell divisions, eventually developing into complete plants and thus demonstrating the phenomenon of totipotency (Mujib et al. 2005). According to the definition of this phenomenon, all normal living cells possess the potential to regenerate entire organisms (Thorpe and Stasolla 2001). Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an asexual form of plant propagation in nature that mimics many of the events of
Gholam Hossein Davarynejad
[email protected] 1
Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
sexual reproduction. The control of somatic embryo development involves the temporal expression of the different sets of genes that allow the dividing cell to progress through the different stages of SE (Tang and Newton 2006). Common features for embryogenic cells include small size, dense cytoplasmic contents, large nuclei, prominent enlarged nucleoli, small vacuoles (Pierik 1997). SE is particularly suited for breeders of woody plants who are looking to use biotechnology to shorten the length of conven
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