Sorafenib: Targeting Multiple Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer
Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar®) is an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Main targets are receptor tyrosine kinase pathways frequently deregulated in cancer such as the Raf–Ras pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, and FMS-li
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Abstract
Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar) is an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Main targets are receptor tyrosine kinase pathways frequently deregulated in cancer such as the Raf–Ras pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). Sorafenib was approved by the FDA in fast track for advanced renal cell cancer and hepatocellular cancer and shows good clinical activity in thyroid cancer. Multiple clinical trials are undertaken to further investigate the role of sorafenib alone or in combination for the treatment of various tumor entities.
Contents 1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 146 2 Structure and Mechanism of Action................................................................................... 146 3 Clinical Data3 Clinical Data ............................................................................................ 149 3.1 Phase I......................................................................................................................... 149 3.2 Experience in Special Patient Populations ................................................................ 149 3.3 Experience in Pediatric Patients ................................................................................ 150 3.4 Active Clinical Trials ................................................................................................. 151 3.5 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer .................................................... 151 3.6 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Cancer .............................................. 153 3.7 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Lung Cancer ............................................................. 153 3.8 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Breast Cancer ........................................................... 154 3.9 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma ............................................... 154
J. Hasskarl (&) Department Innere Medizin, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79102 Freiburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
U. M. Martens (ed.), Small Molecules in Oncology, Recent Results in Cancer Research 201, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54490-3_8, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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3.10 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer....................................................... 3.11 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer .......................................... 3.12 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer....................................................... 3.13 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Brain Tumors.......................................................... 3.14 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer....................................................... 3.15 Sorafenib in the Treatment of Hematologic Diseases ......................
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