Spatiotemporal variation of ambient bioaerosols in a large and industrialized metropolis of Iran and their association w
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Spatiotemporal variation of ambient bioaerosols in a large and industrialized metropolis of Iran and their association with PM2.5 and meteorological factors Niloofar Hosseini . Yaghoub Hajizadeh
. Mahnaz Nikaeen . Maryam Hatamzadeh
Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The presence of bioaerosols in the airborne fine particulate matters (PM2.5) has raised public concern due to their pathogenic effects on human. The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of airborne bacteria and fungi and their association with PM2.5 and meteorological parameters in Isfahan. Air samples were collected from seven different locations of Isfahan city using SKC pumps connected to glass impingers containing a buffer solution and analyzed by the cell culture method. The meteorological variables were obtained from the provincial meteorological office, and the data of atmospheric PM2.5 were taken from the Department of Environment. The highest and the lowest bacterial levels were found at station 7 (114.4 (40–254.2) CFU/m3) and station 3 (39.6 (12–67.5) CFU/m3), respectively. While, the highest and the lowest fungal levels were observed at station 5 (61.1 (22.5–117)) and station 4 (26.9 (0–50)) CFU/m3, respectively. The most predominant bacteria were Gram-positive bacilli, and that for fungi were Dematiaceous and Yeast. The microbial levels varied between various months and the mean concentration of 76 CFU/m3 for bacteria and 46 CFU/m3 for
N. Hosseini Y. Hajizadeh (&) M. Nikaeen M. Hatamzadeh Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
fungi were obtained. The average of airborne PM2.5 concentrations was 25 lg/m3, with mean maximum occurring in the cold season. A positive association between PM2.5 and bioaerosols levels were observed, while the correlation between PM2.5 and meteorological parameters was not significant (P \ 0.05). Air temperature significantly impacted both the airborne bacterial and fungal concentration (P \ 0.05). Also, there was a strong correlation between the bacteria level and wind speed (P \ 0.05). Keywords Bioaerosols PM2.5 Meteorological GIS mapping Air pollution
1 Introduction Urbanization and industrialization have resulted in increasing use of fossil fuel in the industries and transportation leading to air pollution. Various industries with high pollutant emission rate have accentuated the problem of air pollution in Isfahan, one of the largest and most industrialized cities in Iran. There are two biggest thermal power plants, one is ‘Shahid Montezey power plant’ located in the north of Isfahan, producing 1600 MWh, and another is ‘Isfahan power plant’ placed in 75 km southwest of Isfahan, generating 954 MWh. Furthermore, there are two large iron and steel companies called ‘I
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