Special Pulse Sequences for Cardiac Imaging
Spin echo and Gradient echo pulse sequences form the basis for all the advanced pulse sequences that are used in cardiac applications. For most cardiac synchronized applications, the “Fast” or “turbo” variant of the pulse sequence is used, that is, fast o
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Sven Plein ● John P. Greenwood John P. Ridgway
Cardiovascular MR Manual
Authors Sven Plein Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Department of Cardiology, G-Floor, Jubilee Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX United Kingdom
John P. Ridgway Department of Medical Physics and Engineering Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds General Infirmary Leeds LS1 3EX UK
John P. Greenwood Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre (MCRC), University of Leeds, Department of Cardiology, G-Floor, Jubilee Wing, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-84996-361-9 e-ISBN 978-1-84996-362-6 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84996-362-6 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933605 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become an established imaging modality with an expanding range of clinical indications. While in the past the CMR imaging was available in only a few specialist centres, the use of CMR is now becoming much more widespread. All clinicians working in Cardiology or Imaging should therefore have a general understanding of the diagnostic information that can be obtained from CMR, the indications for referral as well as contraindications and limitations of the technique. For cardiologists and radiologists in particular, CMR will become a routine diagnostic tool and training curricula in Cardiology or Radiology will require a compulsory period of training in CMR. This book is conceived as a compact introductory text to CMR and as a practical guide for daily use. The book begins with a detailed didactic overview of the physics of magnetic resonance imaging – a sub
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