Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging for Super-Resolution Preclinical Cardiac PET
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging for Super-Resolution Preclinical Cardiac PET Mailyn Perez-Liva ,1 Thulaciga Yoganathan,1 Joaquin L. Herraiz,2,3 Jonathan Porée,4,5 Mickael Tanter,4 Daniel Balvay,1 Thomas Viel,1 Anikitos Garofalakis,1 Jean Provost,5,6 Bertrand Tavitian1,7 1
Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 56, rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France Nuclear Physics Group and IPARCOS, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, 1, 28020, Madrid, Spain 3 Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain 4 Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm/ESPCI Paris-PSL/PSL-University/CNRS, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France 5 Engineering physics department, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada 6 Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada 7 Service de Radiologie, APHP Centre, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France 2
Abstract Purpose: Physiological motion and partial volume effect (PVE) significantly degrade the quality of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) images in the fast-beating hearts of rodents. Several Super-resolution (SR) techniques using a priori anatomical information have been proposed to correct motion and PVE in PET images. Ultrasound is ideally suited to capture realtime high-resolution cine images of rodent hearts. Here, we evaluated an ultrasound-based SR method using simultaneously acquired and co-registered PET-CT-Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging (UUI) of the beating heart in closed-chest rodents. Procedures: The method was tested with numerical and animal data (n = 2) acquired with the non-invasive hybrid imaging system PETRUS that acquires simultaneously PET, CT, and UUI. Results: We showed that ultrasound-based SR drastically enhances the quality of PET images of the beating rodent heart. For the simulations, the deviations between expected and mean reconstructed values were 2 % after applying SR. For the experimental data, when using Ultrasound-based SR correction, contrast was improved by a factor of two, signal-to-noise ratio by 11 %, and spatial resolution by 56 % (~ 0.88 mm) with respect to static PET. As a consequence, the metabolic defect following an acute cardiac ischemia was delineated with much higher anatomical precision. Conclusions: Our results provided a proof-of-concept that image quality of cardiac PET in fastbeating rodent hearts can be significantly improved by ultrasound-based SR, a portable low-cost technique. Improved PET imaging of the rodent heart may allow new explorations of physiological and pathological situations related with cardiac metabolism. Key Words: Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography, Super-resolution, Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging, Image quality
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11307-020-01512-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Correspondence to: Mailyn Perez-Liva; e-mail: [email protected]
Perez-Liva M. et al.: Ultrasound for Super-resolution Cardiac PET
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