Stabilization of iron ore tailings with cement and bentonite: a case study on Golgohar mine
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Stabilization of iron ore tailings with cement and bentonite: a case study on Golgohar mine Sattar Barati 1 & Piltan Tabatabaie Shourijeh 2
&
Nozar Samani 1 & Sina Asadi 1
Received: 13 June 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The abundance of mining activities continuously increases mine wastes/tailings that require storage/disposal. It is well understood that the accumulation of tailings around mines, and consequently, their spreading in the environment could cause serious ecological hazards. Reuse and recycling of mine tailing materials, in construction and earthwork applications (such as nonstructural building elements, roads), offset possible environmental pollutions and safeguard natural resources. This study investigates experimentally the cement/bentonite stabilization of iron ore tailings from the Golgohar iron ore mine, which is the largest producer of raw (un-smelted) iron products in Iran. A comprehensive series of compaction and uniaxial compression tests was performed on mixtures of cement/bentonite and tailings. Test results reveal that the introduction of cement/bentonite to iron ore tailings requires higher water content for optimum compaction and results in lower dry density. The addition of bentonite increases the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) very little, whereas there is a great strength enhancement for tailingcement mixtures, particularly after a period of moist curing. The cement-stabilized iron ore tailings may be incorporated in road constructions as they easily fulfill strength requirements of base and subbase course layers, while the bentonite-treated tailings are applicable as cover materials in layered disposal of tailings. Keywords Mine tailings . Unconfined compressive strength . Stabilization . Cement . Base course
Abbreviations Gs Specific gravity or density of solid particles εa Axial strain (%) UCS Unconfined compressive strength (kPa, MPa) σa Axial stress (kPa) Rc Relative compaction (%) ρd, ρdmax Dry density, maximum dry density (gr/cm3)
* Piltan Tabatabaie Shourijeh [email protected] Sattar Barati [email protected] Nozar Samani [email protected] Sina Asadi [email protected] 1
Department of Earth Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7136713565, Iran
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 7155713876, Iran
Vv VC wopt α, β, χ
Volume of voids (water + air) in tailing-cement mixture Volume of cement in tailing-cement mixture Optimum moisture content (%) Fitting parameters (Eq. (2))
Introduction In recent years, the worldwide mining of ferrous and other metallic ores has been increasing to answer the ever-growing need for various alloys used in countless aspects of everyday life (Lu 2015). The mining industry is responsible for generating large quantities of wastes; these are mainly waste rock and mine tailings (Blight 2009). The waste rock usually comprises cobble (sometimes boulder) and gravel-sized rock fragments (obvi
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