Staphylococcins: an update on antimicrobial peptides produced by staphylococci and their diverse potential applications
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MINI-REVIEW
Staphylococcins: an update on antimicrobial peptides produced by staphylococci and their diverse potential applications Maria do Carmo de Freire Bastos 1 Marcus Lívio Varella Coelho 1,2
&
Felipe Miceli de Farias 1 & Patrícia Carlin Fagundes 1 &
Received: 24 July 2020 / Revised: 28 September 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Staphylococcins are antimicrobial peptides or proteins produced by staphylococci. They can be separated into different classes, depending on their amino acid composition, structural complexity, and steps involved in their production. In this review, an overview of the current knowledge on staphylococcins will be presented with emphasis on the information collected in the last decade, including a brief description of new peptides. Most staphylococcins characterized to date are either lantibiotics or linear class II bacteriocins. Recently, gene clusters coding for production of circular bacteriocins, sactipeptides, and thiopeptides have been mined from the genome of staphylococcal isolates. In contrast to class II bacteriocins, lantibiotics, sactipeptides, and thiopeptides undergo post-translational modifications that can be quite extensive, depending on the peptide. Few staphylococcins inhibit only some staphylococcal species, but most of them have proven to target pathogens belonging to different genera and involved in a variety of infectious diseases of clinical or agronomic importance. Therefore, these peptides exhibit potential application as anti-infective drugs in different areas. This review will also cover this diverse and remarkable potential. To be commercialized, however, staphylococcin production should be cost-effective and result in high bacteriocin yields, which are not generally achieved from the culture supernatant of their native producers. Such low yields make their production quite costly and not suitable at large industrial scale. Efforts already made to overcome this limitation, minimizing costs and time of production of some staphylococcins and employing either chemical synthesis or in vivo biosynthesis, will be addressed in this review as well. Key points • Staphylococci produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides known as staphylococcins. • Most staphylococcins are post-translationally modified peptides. • Staphylococcins exhibit potential biotechnological applications. Keywords Staphylococcins . Antimicrobial peptides . Bacteriocins . Clinical application . Veterinary application . Agriculture application
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10946-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maria do Carmo de Freire Bastos [email protected] 1
Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2
Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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