Statistical modeling of methylene blue dye adsorption by high surface area mesoporous activated carbon from bamboo chip
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Statistical modeling of methylene blue dye adsorption by high surface area mesoporous activated carbon from bamboo chip using KOH-assisted thermal activation Ali H. Jawad1 1 2
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Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed2
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
Received: 10 April 2020 / Revised: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 The Joint Center on Global Change and Earth System Science of the University of Maryland and Beijing Normal University 2020
Abstract Bamboo chip (BC) biomass was used as an alternative precursor for producing high surface area and mesoporous bamboo chip activated carbon using KOH activation with pyrolysis process. Various characterization methods were employed to study the morphological characteristics, material crystallinity, surface area property, elemental composition, and surface functional group of the bamboo chip activated carbon (BCAC). The Brunauer– Emmett–Teller analysis showed that the bamboo chip activated carbon has a high surface area (720.69 m2/g) and mesoporous structure (mean pore diameter 7.32 nm). The adsorption property of bamboo chip activated carbon for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media was evaluated. The effect of key adsorption parameters such as the bamboo chip activated carbon dose (A: 0.02–0.1 g/L), pH (B: 3–10), temperature (C: 30–50 C), and time (D: 5–20 min) was optimized using a response surface methodology–Box–Behnken design. The kinetics of adsorption obeyed a pseudo-first order. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of MB dye was found to be 305.3 mg/g at 40 C. The MB dye adsorption mechanism onto bamboo chip activated carbon surface indicates various dye–adsorbent interactions: electrostatic attraction, p–p interaction, and H-bonding. This study demonstrates the utility of bamboo chip as a biomass precursor for the efficient synthesis of activated carbon with favorable cationic dye adsorption properties.
& Ali H. Jawad [email protected]; [email protected]
Keywords Activated carbon Bamboo chip KOH activation Methylene blue dye Response surface methodology Modeling Abbreviations lm Micrometer AC Activated carbon BBD Box–Behnken design BC Bamboo chip BCAC Bamboo chip activated carbon BET Brunauer–Emmett–Teller Ce Equilibrium concentration of dye cm-1 One per centimeter Co Initial concentration of dye DR Dye removal EDX Energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer FTIR Fourier transform infrared ray g Gram K Kelvin k1 Rate constant of pseudo-first order k2 Rate constant of pseudo-second order Kf Freundlich constant KL Langmuir constant L Liter M Molarity m2/g Meter square per gram MB Methylene blue mg/g Milligram per gram mg/L Milligram per liter Min Minutes mL Milliliter n Adsorption intensity nm Nanometer C Celsius
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PFO PSO qe qm qt R R2 RSM SEM T t V W
Pseudo-first order Pseudo-second o
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