Stellar Remnants

Three eminent scientists, each well known for the clarity of their writing, present for students and researchers what is known about the internal structure, origin and evolution of White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black Holes, all objects at the final stag

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S.D.Kawaler LNovikov G. Srinivasan

Stellar Remnants Saas-Fee Advanced Course 25 Lecture Notes 1995 Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy Edited by Georges Meynet and Daniel Schaerer With 120 Figures

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Professor S. D. Kawaler Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011, USA

Professor I. Novikov Theoretical Astrophysics Center Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark

Professor G. Srinivasan Raman Research Institute (RRI), Sadashivanagar, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 080, India

Volume Editors: Dr. Georges Meynet Dr. Daniel Schaerer Observatoire de Geneve, 51 chemin des Maillettes, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland

This series is edited on behalf of the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy: Societe Suisse d'Astrophysique et d'Astronomic Observatoire de Geneve, ch. des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland Cover photograph: Ground-based image of the supernova remnant of the Crab Nebula (left) and HST image of the central Crab Pulsar (right). Courtesy of Jeff Hester and Paul Scowen (Arizona State University), and NASA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kawaler, Steven D. Stellar remnants / S. D. Kawaler, I. Novikov, G. Srinivasan; edited by Georges Meynet and Daniel Schaerer. p. cm. - (Saas-Fee advanced course 25 lecture notes; 1995) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-540-61520-2 (he: alk. paper) 1. Neutron stars - Congresses. 2. White dwarfs - Congresses. 3. Black holes (Astronomy) - Congresses. 4. Stars - Evolution-Congresses. I. Novikov, I. D. (Igor'Dmitrievich) II. Srinivasan, G. (Ganesan), 1942- . III. Meynet, G IV. Schaerer, Daniel. V. Title. VI. Series: Saas-Fee advanced course ...lecture notes; 1995. QB843.N4K39 1996 523.8'87-dc20 96-45985 CIP

ISBN 3-540-61520-2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in databanks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Data conversion by Springer-Verlag SPIN 10519556 55/3144 - 5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

The 25^^ "Saas-Fee" Advanced Course organized by the Swiss Society for Astronomy