Stroke and Sarcopenia
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STROKE REHABILITATION (P RAGHAVAN, SECTION EDITOR)
Stroke and Sarcopenia Manuel F. Mas 1 & Javier González 1 & Walter R. Frontera 1,2 Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review To evaluate recent scientific research studies related to the changes in skeletal muscle after stroke and the presence of sarcopenia in stroke survivors to establish its incidence and effects on function. Recent Findings Recently published findings on stroke-related sarcopenia are limited. This might be due to changes in the consensus definition of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia in stroke patients is estimated at 14 to 54%. The presence of sarcopenia at the time of a stroke can lead to worse recovery and functional outcomes. Summary The presence of sarcopenia prior to a stroke may be more common than suspected and can lead to worse functional recovery. Clinicians should be aware of this to better identify and treat stroke-related sarcopenia. Future research should focus on larger population studies to more accurately establish the correlation between stroke and sarcopenia. Keywords Cerebrovascular accident . Aging . Secondary sarcopenia . Skeletal muscle
Introduction Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle strength and mass and impaired function [1, 2]. It is an age-related disease that predominantly affects older populations and is associated with disability, poor quality of life, increased risk of hospitalization, and increased risk of death, among other negative outcomes [3]. Due to the increasing age of the population in most countries of the world [4, 5], the prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing. Similarly, stroke is an important and frequent cause of disability and death worldwide [4]. Changes in skeletal muscle before and after stroke may contribute to functional deficits in stroke survivors [6, 7]. In this brief report, we will discuss these two conditions, sarcopenia and stroke, in relation to each other and describe changes in muscle mass, strength, fiber composition, and functional performance in stroke survivors. We will also discuss the This article is part of the Topical Collection on Stroke Rehabilitation * Walter R. Frontera [email protected] 1
Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
2
Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
presence of sarcopenia before and after stroke and the possibility that sarcopenia contributes to stroke-associated impairments and morbidity. It is important to note that there are few data regarding this issue. Furthermore, the definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia have changed significantly in the last 10 years suggesting that variability among studies may be due to discrepancy in diagnostic criteria and assessment tools or methods [8]. For this reason, we have included studies that investigate changes in muscle even though they do
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