Structure and AC conductivity of zinc and nickel-doped TiO 2 nanocomposite synthesized by simple incipient wet impregnat
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Structure and AC conductivity of zinc and nickel-doped TiO2 nanocomposite synthesized by simple incipient wet impregnation method T. A. Abdel-Baset1,2 and Ali H. Bashal3,* 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, 46423 Yanbu, Saudi Arabia 2
Received: 24 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 31 August 2020
The characterization of Zn/TiO2 and Ni/TiO2 composites has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The AC conductivity was measured in the frequency range 0.1 kHz to 3 MHz at temperatures from 25 to 100 °C. X-ray diffraction results revealed the presence of the anatase phase of TiO2, while presenting low peaks of rutile phase attributed to the Ni and Zn traces in the TiO2. A peak shift was appearing for Ni-doped TiO2 due to the change in the ionic radius which reduced the average particle size from 19 to 15 nm. The electrical conductivity was constant at low frequencies and increased with increasing frequency and doping with Zn and Ni, confirming the semiconductor nature of the samples and indicating localized/reorientation conduction mechanism. Interestingly, the frequency-dependent activation energy was found to be affected by the type of dopants.
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1 Introduction Semiconductors have been broadly investigated in lots of applications along with digital, environmental, and energy programs. This has drawn significant attention towards the development of these materials in order to enhance their physical characteristics [1]. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered as one of the promising semiconductors due to many unique characteristics such as inexpensive, chemically inert, and unusually high dielectric constant [2]. Anatase,
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04397-1
brookite, and rutile are three different known phases for TiO2 [3]. The interesting properties for TiO2 were used widely in several applications [4], such as dielectric ceramics, capacitors in microelectronics [2], optoelectronic devices, and solar cells [5]. Doping has a forceful effect on the modification of semiconductor efficiency [6]. Recently, semiconductors doped with metal ions have gained worth popularity since the earlier optical and electrical properties can be strongly tailored [7]. TiO2 one of the semiconductor materials which its electric
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
conductivity, Fermi level, the photocatalytic activity [6,8], and bandgap, even structure can be altered by doping the metal ions such as In, Cr, Cd, Ce, and Fe [9,10,11]. In fact, adding trace amounts (activators) of minerals may enhance the oxidation process by photoacoustic reduction. This is the result of the structural change and increased charge movement due to mineral doping [12]
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