Synthesis, structural and electrical properties of PVA/TiO 2 nanocomposite films with different TiO 2 phases prepared by
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Synthesis, structural and electrical properties of PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite films with different TiO2 phases prepared by sol–gel technique M. M. El-Desoky1,*
, Ibrahim Morad1,2, M. H. Wasfy1, and A. F. Mansour3
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt 2
Received: 10 May 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 21 August 2020
Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were fabricated by using the sol–gel technique. By controlling the calcination temperature, the different structures of TiO2 (anatase and rutile) have been achieved which is considered a new technique for phase transformation. Moreover, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)/TiO2 nanocomposite with various TiO2 phases was accomplished by room temperature casting method. The microstructure of TiO2 nanoparticles and its effect on the PVA amorphous phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The functional groups of PVA and TiO2 were inspected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM exhibits an agglomeration nature of TiO2 nanoparticles through the PVA matrix. In this study, the dc conductivity, as well as the transport properties such as activation energy, ions number in unit volume, hopping distance, and polaron’s radius were discussed. In the light-temperature of the polaronic hopping conduction models, the electrical conductivity data were examined which is welldescribed by polaronic models. Besides, it is noted that the nonadiabatic small polaron hopping conduction is realized in this system. The density of state and the decay constant values are acceptable for the localized states.
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1 Introduction Recently, nanocomposite materials have displayed a special interest in both industrial and intellectual applications [1]. Many types of nanomaterials have been utilized to develop organic/
inorganic nanocomposite such as titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles which have special attention due to its superior durability, good electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, a high index of refraction, nontoxicity, UV absorbance, as well as great transparency backing the visible light [2]. TiO2 exists in three
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04313-7
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
crystalline polymorphs: Two tetragonal phases which are named by (rutile and anatase) and one orthorhombic phase which so-called brookite. Whenever the rutile phase is the most established one, it has been the issue of many theoretical and experimental investigations. Beside, TiO2 is well recognized as a robust redox material that aimed to photoelectrochemical and cell air–water refinement [3]. Anatase and Rutile phases of TiO2 are employed to create high-temperat
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