Studies on regulated expression of plant defense genes
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Studies on regulated expression of plant defense genes Kazuyuki Hiratsuka1 Received: 15 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 September 2020 © The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction To ward off pathogen infection, plants rely on various disease responses at the cell/tissue level as part of their immune system and have long been attractive topics for research. Extensive research has been conducted on the interaction between host plants and pathogens and on plant recognition of pathogen infection and the signal transduction system as plant molecular biology has advanced (Ohashi 1996). Later, genes involved in disease responses in plants were discovered and studied using molecular biological methods from the 1980s, and since the 1990s, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid have been recognized as plant hormones related to the control of defense responses. Work on these molecules has contributed to the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms involved in the expression of defense-response genes in higher plants. Research on the regulation of gene expression in higher plants has progressed dramatically, and cisregulatory elements and cognate sequence-specific DNAbinding proteins have been identified as trans-regulators through the analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of gene promoters. Research on the practical application of diseaseresponsive gene promoters and the evaluation and search for resistance inducers to use in the field has also flourished. In this paper, I will introduce related studies in which I have been involved, mainly on transcription factors and applied research using the bioluminescence reporter method.
This article is an abstract of the paper which was going to be presented by a winner of the Society Fellowship at the 2020 Annual Meeting of the Phytopathological Society of Japan in Kagoshima. * Kazuyuki Hiratsuka hiratsuka‑kazuyuki‑[email protected] 1
Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240‑8501, Japan
Transcriptional regulators involved in defense response gene expression Research on gene expression regulation in the 1980s progressed from functional analysis of expression control regions to identification of cis-regulatory elements within the promoter sequence. Subsequently, research was conducted on sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins as trans-regulators that bind to cis-regulatory elements. Many DNA-binding proteins as trans-regulators were isolated and identified as transcription factors using a search method that uses binding activity to specific DNA sequences and a method based on DNA sequence homology (Hiratsuka and Chua 1997; Ramachandran et al. 1994). GT-1, which was first identified as a type of plant-specific transcription factor trihelix protein, was initially identified from a nuclear extract of tobacco as a DNA-binding protein that binds to a light-inducible gene promoter. A tobacco cDNA was isolated with a method using the target sequence as a probe (Gilmartin et al.
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