Salicylic Acid Modulates Antioxidant System, Defense Metabolites, and Expression of Salt Transporter Genes in Pisum sati
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Salicylic Acid Modulates Antioxidant System, Defense Metabolites, and Expression of Salt Transporter Genes in Pisum sativum Under Salinity Stress Farhan Ahmad1 · Aisha Kamal1 · Ananya Singh1 · Farha Ashfaque2 · Saud Alamri3 · Manzer H. Siddiqui3 Received: 22 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract At present plants continuously exposed to salinity stress due to the challenging environment that has reduced the crop growth and productivity worldwide. Application of phytohormones by using seed priming method emerges as one of the most reliable and cost effective to alleviate the toxic effect of salinity stress. In this study, we evaluate the effect of seedprimed salicylic acid (SA) to reduce the adverse effect of different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. After seedling emergence, percent seed germination was calculated; however, after 60 days; plants were sampled for studying the growth and photosynthetic traits, lipid peroxidation level, antioxidant activities, ions accumulation, and its sequestration. The results depicted that salinity treatments hampered overall growth performance and induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Salinity also has negatively influence on ion accumulation as Na+ ion increased while K + ion decreased. On the other hand, seed priming with SA significantly reduced the salinity-induced effects on the overall performance of plants, including growth and photosynthetic attributes. SA alleviated the adverse effect of salinity even at higher salinity level by inducing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, soluble sugars, and proline accumulation, and regulating ion homeostasis along with up-regulation of Na+/H+ antiporters (SOS1 and NHX1). Thus, seed priming with SA shows a comprehensive role in mitigation of salinity stress and can be used as a model for promising salinity tolerant cultivation.
Introduction Rapid increase of soil salinity is considered as one of the more devastating abiotic stresses causes inhibition of plant growth and development leading to loss in agricultural crop production worldwide (Isayenkov and Maathuis 2019). Globally, it has been estimated that approximately 20% of agricultural lands are salinity affected and will increased Handling Editor: Iqbal Khan. * Aisha Kamal [email protected] * Manzer H. Siddiqui [email protected] 1
Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
2
Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
3
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
over 50% nearby 2050 (Machado and Serralheiro 2017). Exposure of soil salinity induces a multitude of response in plants at morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular level, due to soil-induced osmotic and ionic stresses (Ahanger et al. 2019; Albaladejo et al. 2017). Salinity stress impairs plant growth and de
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