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Study of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) performance on aromatics (benzene and thiophene) extraction: thermophysical study Behrouz Mohammadi1 · Hemayat Shekaari1 · Mohammed Taghi Zafarani‑Moattar1 Received: 26 December 2019 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020

Abstract Thermophysical properties of some binary mixtures of novel choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents and two aromatics (benzene and thiophene) were measured to evaluate the nature of solute–solvent interactions at T = (283.15–303.15) K and atmospheric pressure. Choline chloride was selected as hydrogen bond donor and (mono-, di- and tri-) ethylene glycols or (mono-, di- and tri-) ethanolamines were used as hydrogen bond donors. The density (d), speed of sound (u), viscosity (η) and refractive index (nD) data were measured for binary mixtures of benzene or thiophene with the selected DESs at T = (283.15–303.15) K. The apparent molar volume (Vφ), standard partial molar volume (Vφ0), partial molar isentropic compression (κ0φ), excess molar volume (VE), viscosity B-coefficient and molar refraction (RD) values, were obtained for the binary mixtures at dilute region of aromatics. These quantities are used for interpreting of the studied DESs and benzene or thiophene molecular interactions. Also, the scaled particle theory (SPT) was used for calculation of interaction volume (Vint), and cavity volume (Vcav). The obtained results indicate that DESs with amine functional groups interact more effectively with benzene or thiophene rather than ethylene glycolic-based DESs. Keywords  Deep eutectic solvents · Thermophysical properties · Ethanolamine · Ethylene glycol

Introduction Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) classified as a branch of green solvents have growing applications in sustainable fields of academia and industry [1–5]. In the recent years, DESs have been exhibited good performance in the aromatic–aliphatic separations [3, 6–9]. Minimization of aromatic contents in the refinery products is strongly recommended due to environmental pollution and health bad effect of aromatics like benzene and thiophene [7]. Extraction of aromatic–aliphatic mixtures is also important issue because of azeotropic formation of these mixtures. However, the azeotropic point can be broke down near a third additive like N-formylmorpholine (NFM) or sulfolane (SULF) [8].

Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s1097​3-020-10173​-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Behrouz Mohammadi [email protected] 1



Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Generally, pre-selection of a potential solvent for the liquid–liquid extraction is important which some of appropriate criteria for this solvent are: High selectivity [10], high capacity in solving of extractors [10], low vapor pressure for avoiding evaporation of solvent during extraction and remaining solvent concentration unchanged in the liquid phase [11], the separation capa