Poly (deep eutectic solvents) as a new class of sustainable sorbents for solid phase extraction: application for preconc
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Poly (deep eutectic solvents) as a new class of sustainable sorbents for solid phase extraction: application for preconcentration of Pb (II) from food and water samples Marzieh Abdolhosseini 1 & Farzaneh Shemirani 1
&
Seyedeh Mahboobeh Yousefi 1
Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A new class of polymeric sorbents based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is introduced. These materials are obtained from simple and inexpensive precursors via an energy-efficient process. The primary benefit of these sorbents is that they possess the unique characteristics of DESs and porous materials simultaneously. Moreover, the possibility of tailoring deep eutectic solvents allows designing a specific polymer for a desired analyte, based on its physical and chemical properties. In this work, the deep eutectic solvent of tetrabutylammonium bromide and acrylic acid (1:2 molar ratio) was prepared and then polymerized under solventless condition. The synthesized polymer was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis (BET) to evaluate the properties of the sorbent. The poly (TBAB-2AA DES) was applied as a selective sorbent for preconcentration of lead from food and water samples prior to its quantification by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Variable factors affecting the extraction were optimized, and under the optimum conditions, the calibration plot was linear in the range 5.0–250.0 μg L−1. The relative standard deviation was (for n = 5) (RSD) < 3%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the enhancement factor were found to be 2.0 μg L−1 and 50, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of the method was assessed by comparison of the results with those obtained by direct determination of lead using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and spiked real samples. The obtained recoveries were between 92 and 106%.
Keywords Deep eutectic solvent . Lead determination . Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy . Photopolymerization . Preconcentration
Highlights • A cross-linked polymer of deep eutectic solvent is synthesized. • A new class of sorbents for solid-phase extraction is introduced. • An inexpensive and eco-friendly method for determination of trace levels of lead is proposed. • The method offers several advantages, such as simplicity, ease of performance, reduced time and energy consumption, and low cost. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04564-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Farzaneh Shemirani [email protected] 1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155–6455, Tehran, Iran
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Introduction Deep eutectic solvents, as a new group of green solvents, have gained great attention due to t
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