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ORIGINAL PAPER

Study of electrochemical behavior of escitalopram oxalate using hanging mercury drop electrode and its determination in human urine and pharmaceuticals Wafa Farooq Badulla1,2   · Saniye Özcan1 · Zeki Atkoşar1 · Göksel Arli1 Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020

Abstract  Escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) is among the most currently used antidepressant drugs. This study aimed to determine ESCOX in human urine and different pharmaceutical dosage forms via the electrochemical method. The electrochemical behavior of ESC-OX was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques at hanging mercury dropping electrode (HMDE). The maximum reduction potential was determined to be − 0.55 and − 0.57 V at pH 6.5 in a cell containing 5% (v/v) methanol and 0.3 M KCl. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of the cathodic peak current versus the concentration was linear in the range of 4.143–29.0 µg mL−1. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.15 µg mL−1 and 1.31 µg mL−1, 3.490 µg mL−1 and 3.97 µg mL−1 for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. The investigation of electrochemical reduction of ESC-OX on the HDME by using CV resulted in a quasi-reversibility, mainly diffusion-controlled reaction that involves a four-electron reduction of the nitrile group. For analytical purposes, a stable and well-defined peak was obtained in DPV mode. The average accuracy was found to be 101.60% ± 0.48 and 99.72% ± 5.64 for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. Moreover, the developed method was precise with RSD % below 2% for both samples. The validation of the developed method was carried out as stated in the ICH Q2(R) 1 guideline. The proposed technique was effectively utilized for the determination of ESC-OX in different pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples. Neither excipients nor endogenous substances have electroactive interferences.

* Wafa Farooq Badulla [email protected] 1



Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey



Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen

2

13

Vol.:(0123456789)



Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society

Graphic abstract

Keywords  Escitalopram oxalate · Cyclic voltammetry · Differential pulse voltammetry · Hanging mercury dropping electrode · Urine samples Abbreviations ESC-OX Escitalopram oxalate CV Cyclic voltammetry DPV Differential pulse voltammetry HMDE Hanging mercury electrode

Introduction Depression is among the serious diseases that influence people nearly in all ages and societies worldwide. It is regarded as one of the indirect causes of the increasing rate of heart diseases and death [1] Escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) [(s)1-[3-(dimethlyamino)propyl]-1-(4-flurophenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5-carbonitrile oxalate] is the S-enantiomer of the racemic, bicyclic phthalates derivative citalopram [2]. Its empirical molecular formula is ­C20H21FN2O∙C2H2O