Study of the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by using several saprophytic fungi
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Study of the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by using several saprophytic fungi Samaneh Iranmanesh1 · Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar2 · Amin Baghizadeh1 Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Gold nanoparticles have wide applications, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment, drug transfer, gene transfer, and DNA and protein detection. Fungi are good options for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, which is due to their ability to secrete a large quantity of enzymes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the ability of several saprophytic AuCL4 fungi in the production of gold nanoparticles. The biomass of each fungus was first mixed with a 10−3 molar H solution and was subsequently heated for 24 h. The Change in the color of the reaction solutions from yellow to violet was symptomatic of the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. In cases where the above assessment (i.e., color change) was positive, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles was further investigated by using spectrophotometry UV–vis, X-ray diffraction and TEM electron microscope. The observation of the maximum absorption peak at a wavelength of about 540 nm in the UV–vis spectrum confirmed the production of gold nanoparticles. Moreover, the XRD analysis of the nanoparticles proved that the nanoparticles synthesized are gold nanocrystals. The TEM electron microscope technique was used to determine the shape and size distribution of the nanoparticles. Based on electromicrographs, the nanoparticles were spherical, triangular and polygonal. Keywords Fungi · Gold nanoparticles · Synthesis · TEM · XRD
1 Introduction Nanotechnology is one of the growing branches of science and involves the production, manipulation and the use of materials at a scale smaller than microns. The properties of materials in nano and micro scales are not identical. The synthesis of nanomaterials is important due to their unusual optical, chemical and electrical properties. Gold nanoparticles are widely used in medical fields such as cancer diagnosis and treatment, drug treatment, biosensors, DNA and protein detection, and the removal of pathogenic microorganisms from contaminated water. Although nanoscale materials are mainly produced by chemical industries, living organisms are an important
source of these materials. This is because chemical methods are time-consuming and costly. Nanoparticles can be produced by bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and plants. Throughout the world, numerous studies have been conducted which employ microorganisms such as bacteria and actinomycetes (prokaryotes), as well as algae, yeasts, fungi, and organic plants (eukaryotes) for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Due to Fungi’s simple and inexpensive cultivation in both industrial and laboratory scales, their release of enzymes, safety for the environment, easy manipulation, the ability to resuscitate one or more metal ions, the production of high volumes of nanoparticles and relatively lower cost, they are usually preferred to other
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