Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from Scutellaria baicalensis roots and in vitro applications
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Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from Scutellaria baicalensis roots and in vitro applications Ling Chen1 · Yue Huo2 · Ya Xi Han2 · Jin Feng Li2 · Hashmoonah Ali1 · Indra Batjikh1 · Joon Hurh1 · Jian Yu Pu1 · Deok Chun Yang1,2 Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 2 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using various plant materials is classified as a green technology because this production method does not employ toxic chemicals. The main purpose of this research was to identify the potential for Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) roots to synthesize gold (Sb-AuNPs) and silver (Sb-AgNPs) nanoparticles by a simple green method and to evaluate its efficacy. S. baicalensis roots were used to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles by the bioreduction of gold (III) chloride trihydrate ( HAuCl4·3H2O) and silver nitrate ( AgNO3), respectively. Furthermore, the UV–Vis, field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were used to characterize these particles. The surface plasmon resonances were measured using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The crystallization, structural, and morphological configurations were investigated by FE-TEM, EDX, and XRD, respectively. Functional groups were identified using FT-IR. Both nanoparticles were also evaluated for their antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Additional testing was performed on Sb-AgNPs for antimicrobial potential against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Nanoparticles were explored in murine macrophage (RAW264.7) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines to determine the enhanced toxicity responses in normal and cancerous cells. The above results suggested that nanoparticles with possible biological efficacy can be developed for nanopharmacological relevance in biomedical applications. Keywords Scutellaria baicalensis · Gold nanoparticles · Silver nanoparticles · Antioxidant · Antimicrobial · Cytotoxicity
1 Introduction Nanotechnology is one of the most significant and evolving fields in science that involves production of particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm at least in one dimension, resulting in a high surface to volume ratio [1]. Nanoparticles can be synthesized with controlled size, shape, and disparity of materials at the nanometer scale with potential use for human well-being [2]. The use of root extracts for nanoparticle synthesis, also known as ‘The Green Synthesis Method,’ * Deok Chun Yang [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 17104, Republic of Korea
Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 17104, Republic of Korea
2
is considered as a promising area in the field of nanotechnology deve
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