Substrates for the production of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr seedlings inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbus
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Substrates for the production of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr seedlings inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gustavo Wyse Abaurre 1
&
Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior 2 & Gilmar Schäfer 3 & Sergio Miana de Faria 2
Received: 9 February 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr is a tree species widely used in forest restoration plantations and its symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote seedling formation and establishment and growth in the field. The growth of S. saman seedlings inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi grown on nine different substrates were evaluated in a greenhouse in this study. Seedling growth was promoted in substrates with lower bulk density and pH and higher total porosity, air-filled porosity and available Mg content. The nodulation of NFB was favored in the substrates with more available Mg, and AMF colonization and sporulation was favored in the substrates with a higher percentage of water buffering capacity. Seedlings produced on commercial substrates based on peat and pine bark showed superior growth. The peat-based “Carolina Soil™ electrical conductivity (EC) 0.7” favored nodulation, while the sewage sludge substrates and clayey subsoil mixture plus 10% poultry litter (V:V) promoted mycorrhizal colonization and sporulation. Keywords Forest nurseries . Biological inoculants . Sewage sludge . Biosolid
1 Introduction Arboreal legumes inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase the nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil, helping the entry of other species through the natural succession of vegetation (Chaer et al. 2011). Samanea saman is a tree legume
* Gustavo Wyse Abaurre [email protected] Orivaldo José Saggin Júnior [email protected] Gilmar Schäfer [email protected] 1
Botanical Garden of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Br 465, km 07, Campus da UFRRJ (Jardim Botânico), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
2
Researcher at Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465, km 07, Ecologia, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
3
Department of Horticulture and Silviculture, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
that has rapid field growth, high resistance to water stress and tolerates low fertility soils with high Al+3 content. In addition, the ease of obtaining seeds leads this species to be widely used in forest restoration plantations, especially when the general objective is to recover degraded areas (Chada et al. 2004). The symbiosis of forest legumes with AMF and NFB has been studied for over 40 years (Campelo and Döbereiner 1969; de Faria et al. 1984; Pereira et al. 2018). Embrapa Agrobiology has developed a technological package which enables recovering highly impacted degraded areas (Martins et al. 1999). However, studying these symbioses under different seedling production substrates has beco
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