Effect of different stimuli on twitching behavior of endophytic bacteria isolated from Loranthus sp. Jacq.
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of different stimuli on twitching behavior of endophytic bacteria isolated from Loranthus sp. Jacq. Rajsekhar Adhikary . Smriti Kundu . Pulak Kumar Maiti . Prashanta Kumar Mitra . Sukhendu Mandal . Vivekananda Mandal
Received: 2 November 2019 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Bacteria need to adopt to different behavioral tuning depending on the dynamic eco-physiological conditions they are exposed to. One of these adaptive strategies is the use of motility. Here we report the twitching motility response of four endophytic isolates of Bacillus sp. when exposed to different eco-physiological stimuli like different nutrient sources, and mechanical and chemical antagonists on solid surfaces. These endophytic bacteria were isolated from different parts of a hemiparasite Loranthus sp. Jacq. (Loranthaceae) growing on economically important mango trees. The results show that the twitching motility of these bacteria was more when exposed to organic acids, metals salts (among nutrients) and mechanical shearing (stress) than the other factors. Their motility is not affected by surface lubrication or EPS production, but instead is influenced by shear-sensitive structures and affinity to metal ions. Further molecular studies are needed to
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01458-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. R. Adhikary S. Kundu P. K. Mitra V. Mandal (&) University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India e-mail: [email protected] P. K. Maiti S. Mandal University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
elucidate the basis of this twitching behaviour on solid surfaces. Keywords Bacillus sp. Chemo-attractants Endophytic bacteria Loranthus sp. Jacq. Twitching motility
Introduction Microorganisms can sense environmental stimuli and respond accordingly towards a repellant or attractant. Their adaptations in response to the environmental stimuli are based on the existence of multiple regulatory systems operated through selective expression of certain genes (Macnab 1996). Motility is one such adaptive mechanism to search for a favorable environment for facilitating their growth and survival. It has been assumed that the flagellar structures involved in bacterial motility evolved in the oceans about one billion years ago (Mitchell and Kogure 2006). In general the bacterial motility in an aquatic environment comprises of clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation of flagellar filaments. However, the flagellar movements are not preferable on a viscous or solid surface. In such circumstances commonly bacteria like spirochetes have sequestered their flagella within the periplasmic space and the flagellar rotatation in a corkscrew pattern. A large number of bacteria chose to
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
swarm on the surface by hyper-flagellated conditions with numerous flagella. Furthermore, in
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