Supercritical CO 2 extraction of antioxidants from Paulownia elongata x fortunei leaves
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Supercritical CO2 extraction of antioxidants from Paulownia elongata x fortunei leaves Paula Rodríguez-Seoane 1
&
Beatriz Díaz-Reinoso 2 & Herminia Domínguez 1
Received: 13 May 2020 / Revised: 11 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Paulownia wood demand is increasing, but other parts of the tree remain underused. The leaves have medicinal properties, and their processing with a clean technology was explored. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was proposed for the production of extracts from Paulownia elongata x fortunei leaves. Three isotherms (35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C) were studied in the pressure range of 10–30 MPa to assess their influence on the extraction yield and antiradical properties. The use of ethanol as cosolvent was also evaluated. A global extraction yield of 4 g extract /100 g of leaves was obtained at 30 MPa and 45 °C using 10% ethanol (w/w) as modifier; the last fractions reached up to 0.30 g Trolox eq./g extract. Serial extractions with different concentrations of ethanol (60, 70, 80, and 96%) were performed. The global yield obtained with 70% ethanol in three stages was 32.9 g extract/100 g leaves, and the antiradical capacity of the first stage extract was equivalent to 0.4 g Trolox/g extract. Extraction kinetics was studied, and overall extraction curves were represented using Sovová’s model. Keywords Paulownia . Valorization . Supercritical CO2 . Antiradical . Modelling
1 Introduction Agricultural, food, and forest wastes have phytochemicals with commercial interest that could be recovered to provide added value to these secondary streams and has become an interesting subject of research [1]. Most species from Paulownia genus are widely known for their wood, which is light and flexible, does not crack or deform easily, and has considerable moisture resistance and flame-retardant properties. Wood industry has application in pulp and paper and manufacture of furniture, music instrument and handcrafts, or farm implements [2]. Furthermore, this genus comprises nine fast-growing species with good adaptability to poor soils and without competing for food crops [3]. Moreover, it is being evaluated as a bioenergy crop [4]. In the last years, sterile and non-invasive hybrid clones have been created to preserve their genetics and guarantee homogeneity in wood * Paula Rodríguez-Seoane [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico. As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
2
CITI-Universidade de Vigo, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, Rúa Galicia N° 2, 32900 Ourense, Spain
growth and quality. One of those clones is Paulownia elongata x fortunei developed by Cotevisa (Valencia) and named Paulownia Cotevisa 2®. Wood is the most used part, but valorization of other parts of the plant could contribute to sustainability following a circular economy approach. Paulownia leaves are rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids [5–7], and in other components, s
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