Superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film
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Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 2 Shenzhen Anhio Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, China © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 21 August 2020 / Revised: 29 September 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020
ABSTRACT The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries. Wearing masks can effectively cut off the virus spreading route since the coronavirus is mainly spreading by respiratory droplets. However, the common surgical masks cannot be reused, resulting in the increasing economic and resource consumption around the world. Herein, we report a superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film, with high-density edges of standing structured graphene nanosheets. The GNEC mask exhibits an excellent hydrophobic ability (water contact angle: 157.9°) and an outstanding filtration efficiency with 100% bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). In addition, the GNEC mask shows the prominent photo-sterilize performance, heating up to 110 °C quickly under the solar illumination. These high performances may facilitate the combat against the COVID-19 outbreaks, while the reusable masks help reducing the economic and resource consumption.
KEYWORDS COVID-19, graphene nanosheet, superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize
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Introduction
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to more than 200 countries and regions [1, 2]. By 27th September 2020, the number of confirmed cases has surpassed 32,730,945 worldwide with 991,224 deaths, according to data compiled by World Health Organization (WHO) [3]. Coronavirus spread through direct or indirect contact, respiratory droplets (including larger droplets that fall rapidly near the source as well as coarse aerosols with aerodynamic diameter > 5 μm), and fine-particle aerosols (diameter ≤ 5 μm) [4, 5]. Coronavirus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact with infected persons or fomites [6]. Droplet refers to the saliva and snot from the ill individuals talking, coughing, or sneezing. Surgical face masks could prevent transmission of human coronaviruses and influenza viruses from symptomatic individuals [7–9]. Nevertheless, the current surgical face masks still have some limitations [10–12]. Firstly, although the common mask filters the main dust particles (> 10 μm), the bacteria and virus filtration efficiency still need to be improved. Secondly, the lack of superhydrophobic properties caused the droplets (carrying virus) remain on the surface. Thirdly, the mask without photo- sterilize cannot be used for a long time or repeatedly, since the absorbed viruses might survive on their surfaces. Shortage of face masks is a current critical concern since the emergence of pandemic [13]. The increasing demand for masks, the large number of raw materials consumed in th
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