Sustainable Dyeing of Silk with Natural Dyes Using Natural Sources of Water
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Sustainable Dyeing of Silk with Natural Dyes Using Natural Sources of Water Alokesh Mridha1 • Aniruddhya Mukhopadhyay1 • Debasish Das2 • Biswajit Sarkar3 Sankar Roy Maulik4
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Received: 22 January 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 Ó The Institution of Engineers (India) 2020
Abstract River water containing different types of metals and heavy metals are far more efficient in promoting surface colour strength and all round colourfastness properties of silk fabrics when dyed with aqueous extract of Ceriops decandra and Diospyros malabarica. However, pre-mordanting with aluminium and/or ferrous sulphate would promote the depth of shade and colourfastness properties further. Calcium and magnesium are found to be present in appreciable amount in the different river water considered in this study and are found to be higher than that present in water collected from Kolkata Municipality Corporation. Analysis of different river and aquifer water showed the presence of different metals and heavy metals and their value stays well below the specified permissible limit as mentioned in WHO standard. The presence of such trace amount of different metals played a significant role in promoting dye uptake and all round colourfastness properties also. The presence of such metal in the dyed fabric also appeared to stay much below the limit of Oeko-Tex standard referred often for producing environment friendly textiles.
& Sankar Roy Maulik [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Jute and Fibre Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
3
West Bengal Khadi and Village Industries Board, Kolkata, India
4
Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Silpa-Sadana, Sriniketan 731236, West Bengal, India
Keywords Colourfastness Dye uptake Mordanting River Water
Introduction Impact of dyeing effluent discharged by the textile industry in the environment has become a matter of great concern in view of increasing use of synthetic dyes for colouration of textiles for ever increasing human population of the earth [1]. The presence of synthetic dyes in water even at a concentration of less than 1 ppm makes such dye highly visible, which in turn affects aesthetic merit, transparency and gas solubility of water bodies, in addition to causing interference with the photosynthesis of aquatic plant and showing adverse acute and/or chronic effects on organisms [2]. Recently, there is growing demand for natural dye in view of its environment friendly character, identified medicinal value and low energy consumption of natural dyed products during their production and use [3, 4]. However, disadvantages of natural dyes which restrict their use as substitute of synthetic dyes are poor colourfastness properties, poor colour yield and presence of transition and other heavy metal salts in the dyed textile products which are used to improve above adverse properties of natural dyes. Dyers are therefore left with the only option of using salts of iro
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