Sustaining Groundwater Resources A Critical Element in the Globa
Burgeoning population and climate change are among the most critical challenges facing the 21st century. Both have critical implications for groundwater resources, especially in many developing countries where resources are already under pressure. Due to
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Sustaining Groundwater Resources
International Year of Planet Earth Series Editors: Eduardo F.J. de Mulder Executive Director International Secretariat International Year of Planet Earth Edward Derbyshire Goodwill Ambassador International Year of Planet Earth
The book series is dedicated to the United Nations International Year of Planet Earth. The aim of the Year is to raise worldwide public and political awareness of the vast (but often under-used) potential of Earth sciences for improving the quality of life and safeguarding the planet. Geoscientific knowledge can save lives and protect property if threatened by natural disasters. Such knowledge is also needed to sustainably satisfy the growing need for Earth’s resources by more people. Earth scientists are ready to contribute to a safer, healthier and more prosperous society. IYPE aims to develop a new generation of such experts to find new resources and to develop land more sustainably.
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8096
J. Anthony A. Jones Editor
Sustaining Groundwater Resources A Critical Element in the Global Water Crisis
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Editor J. Anthony A. Jones Institute of Geography & Earth Sciences Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth United Kingdom [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-3425-0 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3426-7 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3426-7 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011930881 All Rights Reserved for Chapter 4 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Old Nora (traditional type of well) in the Algarve, Portugal. Photograph taken by Dr. Teresa Leitão on 22 October 2009. Cover Designer: WMXDesign GMbH, Heidelberg, Germany. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
The International Year of Planet Earth (IYPE) was established as a means of raising worldwide public and political awareness of the vast, though frequently under-used, potential the earth sciences possess for improving the quality of life of the peoples of the world and safeguarding Earth’s rich and diverse environments. The International Year project was jointly initiated in 2000 by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) and the Earth Science Division of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). IUGS, which is a non-governmental organization, and UNESCO, an inter-governmental organization, already shared a long record of productive cooperation in the natural sciences and their application to societal problems, including the International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) now in
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