Synchrotron Radiation and Chemistry: Studies of Materials for Renewable Energy Sources
We present an overview of selected applications of synchrotron radiation methods to topical chemical research. The analysis is limited to the studies on materials for renewable energy sources, focussing on topics peculiar to chemical research, such as rea
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Synchrotron Radiation and Chemistry: Studies of Materials for Renewable Energy Sources Antonino Martorana, Francesco Giannici and Alessandro Longo
Abstract We present an overview of selected applications of synchrotron radiation methods to topical chemical research. The analysis is limited to the studies on materials for renewable energy sources, focussing on topics peculiar to chemical research, such as reactivity and synthesis routes; in particular, the paper takes into account subjects having some relevance for the production and storage of energy based on hydrogen. Hydrogen production and storage are taken into account in the sections concerning: (i) Dye-sensitized solar cells, (ii) Metal-organic frameworks and (iii) Hydrides for hydrogen storage; production of energy by fuel cell devices is treated in (iv) Oxide ion and proton conductors and in (v) Electrodes for fuel cells. These arguments allowed to give a coherent outline of the involvement of synchrotron radiation techniques in traditional branches of chemistry such as inorganic and organic chemistry, catalysis and electrochemistry.
27.1 Introduction This paper deals with applications of synchrotron radiation (SR) in chemistry. The focussed topics concern the atomic and electronic structure in relation to desired properties and reactivity, with particular attention to the modifications occurring in operative conditions, but excluding issues peculiar of chemistry such as catalysis and reactions evolving in the time scales of pico to femtoseconds, that are treated in specific papers of this textbook. When necessary, peculiar experimental arrangements and, as far as possible, an essential bibliography is given to outline SR applications encompassing the classical fields of physical and inorganic chemistry, while A. Martorana (B) · F. Giannici Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy e-mail: [email protected] A. Longo ISMN-CNR, via Ugo La Malfa, 153, 90135 Palermo, Italy S. Mobilio et al. (eds.), Synchrotron Radiation, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55315-8_27, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
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also bordering organic chemistry. However, the matter is so vast that an exhaustive overview is almost impossible and, moreover, the overlapping with physics, biology, materials science, geochemistry, environmental and cultural heritage studies is so extensive that a sharp delimitation of the field can be a very hard task. An effort to arrange the arguments in a unitary thread lead us to privilege the description of SR studies on materials for renewable energy sources, focussing on topics that can be clearly ascribed to the field of chemical research, either because reactivity plays a relevant role in the functional properties, or due to peculiar design and synthesis routes; in particular, the paper takes into account subjects having some relevance for the production and storage of energy based on hydrogen. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, treated in the Sect. 27.2) are
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