Synthesis and characterization of TiO 2 using sol-gel method at different annealing temperatures
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.230
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 using sol-gel method at different annealing temperatures H. Elbushra1, M. Ahmed2, H.Wardi3, N. Eassa1 Department of Physics, Al Neelain University, PO Box 12702.Khartoum, Sudan
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2
Physics Department, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
3
Physics Department, Omdurman Alahlia University, Khartoum, Sudan
Abstract This article aims to prepare high quality of TiO2 powder and study the effect of annealing temperature. TiO2 particles were synthesized by sol-gel method using titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) as a precursor. The dried gel was annealed at temperatures of 500 oC, 600oC, 700oC and 800 oC each for 4 hours. The as-prepared samples were further characterized using XRay diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectrometer (EDX), XRD showed anatase structure after annealing and its diffraction scattering intensity indicated the improvement in the crystal structure quality of TiO2 as the temperature increases. SEM micrographs showed a randomly distributed and nonuniform cluster of TiO2 that has a size increase with annealing temperatures. EDX indicated stoichiometric chemical composition between Ti and O enhanced by annealing. E-mail: [email protected](corresponding author)
1. Introduction: Preparation of oxide materials attracts more attention due to new and desirable optical, magnetic and electrical properties [1]. Titanium dioxide is one of the most popular semiconductor metal oxides currently under extensive investigation due to several advantages, it is inexpensive, nontoxic and stable [2][3]. Therefore TiO2 is a potential material that has applications in differentareas such as solar cells, sunscreen lotions, pigments, capacitors, electrochemical electrodes, paint, and even as a food coloring agent and in toothpaste [4][5]. Considering the importance of TiO2 much research has been conducted and many methods have been established for a synthesis of TiO2 including hydrothermal method, direct oxidation, chemical vapour deposition, solgel technique and others [6][7][8]. However,synthesis of high-quality TiO2 with costeffective and simple method still a field of investigation.TiO 2 exists in three phases namely anatase,rutile andbrookite, both anatase and rutile have tetragonal crystal
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structures but belong to different space groups [9][10]. The anatase structure is preferred over other phases for many applications due to higher electron mobility, low dielectric constant and lower density in comparison with rutile structure [11][12]. Previous Studies have been made to investigate TiO2 phase transformation by detecting different parameters control phase type and its concentration for better efficiency. W.li
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