Preparation and characterization of MnO 2 -based nanoparticles at different annealing temperatures and their application
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Preparation and characterization of MnO2‑based nanoparticles at different annealing temperatures and their application in dye removal from water T. A. Abdullah1,2 · R. T. Rasheed2 · T. Juzsakova1 · N. Al‑Jammal3 · M. A. Mallah4 · L. P. Cuong5 · A. D. Salman1 · E. Domokos1 · Z. Ali2 · I. Cretescu6 Received: 29 April 2020 / Revised: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract In this research, manganese oxides ( MnO2) nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method using K MnO4 as a precursor. The final brown–black precipitate M nO2 nanoparticles as prepared, and annealed at different temperatures (250, 450, and 750 °C) were characterized. The nanoparticles prepared were tested for removal of methylene blue (MB), used as a model dye from water. In order to determine the structure and the chemical nature of the M nO2 nanoparticles prepared, the characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction. For the surface morphological studies of nanoparticles, field emission scanning electron microscopy was used. In order to study the surface roughness atomic force microscopy was used for determination of the imaging surface structures in the nm scale. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was used to investigate the vibrations of functional groups in MnO2. The tests for dye removal from water using MnO2 nanoparticles have been carried out for MnO2 nanoparticles as prepared and annealed at different temperatures. The process parameters such as speed of shaking, reaction time, and MB concentration were studied at 25 °C temperature to determine the best removal efficiency of methylene blue from water. UV/Visible spectrophotometer was used to follow the MB removal. MnO2 annealed at 750 °C exhibited the highest MB removal efficiency, 89%, as compared with M nO2 nanoparticles as prepared and annealed at 250 and 450 °C. Keywords Methylene blue · Dye removal · Pollutant · MnO2 · Nanoparticles · Water treatment
Introduction Editorial responsibility: Shahid Hussain. * I. Cretescu [email protected] 1
Laboratory for Surface and Nanostructures (LASUNA), Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
2
Chemistry Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
3
Centre for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER), Ghent University of Global Centre, Incheon, South Korea
4
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
5
The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Danang city, Vietnam
6
Faculty Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
The growing industrial development has facilitated human life but has equally posed constant threat for the human health as well as the environment because of enormous waste generation and discharge of wastewater effluents to aquatic environment (Fu et al. 2015). The wastewater effluents from industries mainly from chemic
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