Synthesis of Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles and Nanotoxicity in Aquatic Ecosystems
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.1
Synthesis of Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles and Nanotoxicity in Aquatic Ecosystems Jousen A. Merced-Colón1, David Medina-Suarez1, Gabriela M. Mercado-Guzmán1, Sonia J. Bailón2* 1Department
of Biology University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, PR 00716
2Department
of Chemistry and Physics, University of Puerto Rico at Ponce, PR 00716
ABSTRACT Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties and are being incorporated into products that range from photovoltaics to biological and chemical sensors. The production of silver nanoparticles has been increasing worldwide in the nanotechnology industry due to the variety of applications and are very likely to reach aquatic ecosystems damaging them. Due to their small size and high surface area to volume ratio of NPs, they can strongly interact with life cells and cause damage to tested animals. Based on the mentioned previously, it is necessary to evaluate the silver nanoparticle nanotoxicity in aquatic ecosystems to prevent possible ingestion or transfer to humans. Also, the research will benefit aquatic systems due to less pollution around aquatic organisms. The objectives of this research included: i) production and characterization of stable silver nanoparticles in water, ii) characterizing the optical properties by UV-Vis spectroscopy and morphology by HR-TEM and; iii) evaluate the toxicity of silver nanoparticles in aquatic organisms, i.e Artemia salina. Results obtained evidenced that Ag NPs showed an intense absorption peak at 448 nm. This broad peak is due to the phenomenon called surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that is responsible for a variety of phenomena, including nanoscale optical focusing, negative refraction, and surfaceenhanced Raman scattering. HR-TEM measurements evidenced the spherical form of the nanoparticles and its small size at around 12-20 nm. In addition, Electron Diffraction analyses suggested the composition of the nanoparticle, which contained only Ag 0. The toxicity assays were evaluated using different concentrations of purified Ag NPs. During the cytotoxicity assay, it was demonstrated that Ag NPs were not toxic to Artemia salina after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. However, silver (as silver nitrate) evidenced high toxicity to Artemia salina at larval stage.
* Corresponding author’s detail: E-mail: [email protected] (Sonia J. Bailón-Ruiz)
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INTRODUCTION: The new generation of silver nanoparticles brings potential applications for antimicrobial coatings, biomedical devices, molecular diagnostics, photonic devices between others [1-6]. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a wide class of materials that include particulate substances, which have one dimension less than 100 nm at least [7]. Nanomaterials can b
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