Synthesis of CuO nanostructures on zeolite-Y and investigation of their CO 2 adsorption properties
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Emren Nalbant Esenturka) Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; and Micro and Nanotechnology Program, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey (Received 21 April 2017; accepted 27 July 2017)
Copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) in two different morphologies, spiky and spherical, were synthesized on zeolite-Y by a modified impregnation method, and their CO2 adsorbing capabilities were investigated under standard conditions (1 atm and 298 K). The properties and CO2 adsorption performances of the hybrid systems were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The microscopy analyses showed that spiky nanostructures have a length of approximately 450 nm, and the spherical ones are approximately 18 nm in diameter. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that CuO NPs in both morphologies on the zeolite surface led to an improvement in their CO2 adsorption capacities. This enhancement is mainly due to the higher CO2 chemisorption capability of CuO NP–zeolite systems compared to that of bare zeolite. The presence of spiky and spherical CuO NPs on the zeolite surface resulted in increases of 112% and 86% in the amount of chemisorbed CO2 on the zeolite-Y surfaces, respectively.
I. INTRODUCTION
Among all greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the highest contributor to global warming due to its huge emission into atmosphere mostly by the use of carbonbased fuels. Developing CO2 capture and storage technologies are well-accepted methods not only to reduce CO2 in atmosphere but also to store it until its further use in industry.1,2 Solid adsorbents with highly porous structures (i.e., activated carbons, zeolites, and alumina powders) are excellent candidates to implement this technology.3,4 Zeolites are one of the most commonly used porous adsorbents; they capture CO2 through the electrostatic interactions between the gas molecules and alkali-metal cations in their structure.5,6 Up until now, various types of zeolites have been used in the adsorption of gases such as SO2, NO, and N2 besides CO2.7–9 The use of metal oxides has also been reported to be a favorable alternative to the aforementioned solid adsorbents. This is mostly because of their advantage in providing selective adsorption of gas molecules with stronger chemical interactions relative to weaker physical ones. The presence of metal oxides as basic species in the medium causes preferential adhesion of acidic CO2 onto Contributing Editor: Akira Nakajima a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.337
basic metal oxide surfaces. This chemical interaction leads to the formation of metal carbonate and thus the storage of CO2 more effectively.10,11 Studies on metal oxides (i.e., CuO, Cu2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3) prepared either in macroscale or nanoscale revealed promising CO2 adsorption
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