Synthetic dye decolorization by three sources of fungal laccase
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Open Access
Synthetic dye decolorization by three sources of fungal laccase Hamid Forootanfar1,2, Atefeh Moezzi1, Marzieh Aghaie-Khozani1, Yasaman Mahmoudjanlou1, Alieh Ameri2, Farhad Niknejad3 and Mohammad Ali Faramarzi1*
Abstract Decolorization of six synthetic dyes using three sources of fungal laccase with the origin of Aspergillus oryzae, Trametes versicolor, and Paraconiothyrium variabile was investigated. Among them, the enzyme from P. variabile was the most efficient which decolorized bromophenol blue (100%), commassie brilliant blue (91%), panseu-S (56%), Rimazol brilliant blue R (RBBR; 47%), Congo red (18.5%), and methylene blue (21.3%) after 3 h incubation in presence of hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT; 5 mM) as the laccase mediator. It was also observed that decolorization efficiency of all dyes was enhanced by increasing of HBT concentration from 0.1 mM to 5 mM. Laccase from A. oryzae was able to remove 53% of methylene blue and 26% of RBBR after 30 min incubation in absence of HBT, but the enzyme could not efficiently decolorize other dyes even in presence of 5 mM of HBT. In the case of laccase from T. versicolor, only RBBR was decolorized (93%) in absence of HBT after 3 h incubation. Keywords: Decolorization, Removal, Hydroxybenzotriazole, Laccase, Synthetic dyes, Oxidase
Introduction More than 10,000 various dyes stable to light, chemicals and microbial degradation are manufactured and used by textile, cosmetic, plastic and printing industries [1-3]. Based on the chemical structure of chromogenic groups, dyes are classified as azo, heterocyclic/polymeric or triphenylmethanes [4,5] and about 60% of produced dyes belong to the azo group which are categorized as monoazo, diazo, and triazo dyes [1]. Discharge of wastewater containing synthetic dyes especially polyaromatics and their carcinogenic health effects as an environmentally important problem, persuaded environmental engineers to develop new techniques for treatment of such hazardous compounds [6-9]. Beside conventional physicochemical methods [9], application of fungal and bacterial strains capable of adsorbing or degrading [1,9,10] of different dye groups has been considered as a novel concern in this field during last decades. Comparing to physicochemical methods viz., precipitation, filtration, adsorption, and TiO2 oxidation [11] the * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran 14174, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
enzymatic treatment of dyes have low energy cost and is a more ecofriendly process not yet commonly used in the textile industries [5,12-14]. The copper containing oxidase, laccase (benzenediol oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.2), which is mainly produced by white-rot basidomycetes and other fungal [15] and bacterial strains [16] and also some plants [
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