Decolorization of Textile Effluent by Trametes hirsuta Bm-2 and lac-T as Possible Main Laccase-Contributing Gene
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Decolorization of Textile Effluent by Trametes hirsuta Bm‑2 and lac‑T as Possible Main Laccase‑Contributing Gene Raul Tapia‑Tussell1 · Alejandrina Pereira‑Patrón2 · Liliana Alzate‑Gaviria1 · Gabriel Lizama‑Uc2 · Daisy Pérez‑Brito3 · Sara Solis‑Pereira2 Received: 2 March 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The decolorization of dye and textile effluent by Trametes hirsuta was studied in both induced and non-induced media. A removal of 70–100% of the color was achieved through adsorption and the action of laccases. Laccase activity was increased significantly with the addition of grapefruit peel (4000 U/mL) and effluent with grapefruit peel (16,000 U/mL) in comparison with the basal medium (50 U/mL). Analysis of the expression of laccase isoenzymes lac-B and lac-T revealed clear differences in the expression of these genes. The low levels of expression of lac-B in all media suggest a basal or constitutive gene expression, whereas lac-T was over-expressed in the media with effluent, and showed an up/down regulation depending on culture conditions and time. The results obtained suggest that the lac-T gene of T. hirsuta is involved in the decolorization of dyes.
Introduction
* Sara Solis‑Pereira [email protected] Raul Tapia‑Tussell [email protected] Alejandrina Pereira‑Patrón [email protected] Liliana Alzate‑Gaviria [email protected] Gabriel Lizama‑Uc [email protected] Daisy Pérez‑Brito [email protected] 1
Renewable Energy Unit, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatán, Carretera Sierra Papacal‑Chuburna Puerto Km 5, 97302 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
2
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico/IT de Merida, Av. Tecnologico Km 4.5 S/N, 97118 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
3
GeMBio Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
The textile industry generates large volumes of complex effluents which contain high concentrations of dyes, salts, metals and phenols, and demonstrate high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and high chemical oxygen demand, COD [1, 2]. They contain mixes of dyes with different chemical structures, such as azo, triphenylmethane, anthraquinone and indigoid. The dyes used in the textile industry are characterized by their resistance to light and heat, and furthermore, many dyes may be mutagenic or carcinogenic. Owing to their low fixation rate, 10–50% of dyes are released into waste water, and when these waters are discharged into the environment they damage the ecosystem [3]. White rot fungi (WRF) are the most efficient organisms for degrading lignin polymer by means of the extracellular oxidative enzyme complex which they produce. Microbial and/or enzymatic treatments are developing technologies which have advantages over physical and chemical methods, which are expensive and often generate large quantities of unwanted toxic by-products. Laccases (benzenediol:oxidoreductase
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