T2 Peptide Represents a Major Autoantigen Epitope in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
T2 Peptide Represents a Major Autoantigen Epitope in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis Yuqian Liu,1 Meng Tang,1 Qin Zhang,1 Cuican Li,1 Rundong Lv,1 Hanhui Min,1 and Xiaohui Zhou 1,2,3,4 (Received March 24, 2020; accepted August 18, 2020)
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CP/CPPS) is a clinical tricky problem due to its enigmatic etiology, low cure rate, and high recurrence rate. The research on its pathogenesis has never stopped. In this experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) model, male C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously immunized with prostate extracts in an adequate adjuvant. For mice in the antibody intervention group, anti-T2 polyclonal antibodies were intraperitoneally injected during the induction of EAP. Animals were periodically monitored for pelvic pain. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess prostate inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum were measured by ELISA kits. The immunized animals developed prostatitis as a consequence of the immune response against prostate antigens. Pelvic pain thresholds were gradually decreased and TNF-α expression significantly increased. T2 plays an important role in the disease since polyclonal antibodies to T2 greatly ameliorated symptoms in animals induced for EAP. T2 peptide may represent the major autoantigen epitope in EAP, which could serve for a better understanding of the etiology of CP/CPPS.
Abstract—
KEY WORDS: T2 peptide; Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome; Autoimmune disease; Autoantigen epitope.
INTRODUCTION
1
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu Province, China 2 Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210017, People’s Republic of China 3 Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, China 4 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Zhongda Hospital, Affiliated with Southeast University, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail: [email protected]
CP/CPPS constitutes approximately 90% of all chronic prostatitis cases [1]. The prevalence varies from 2 to 16% worldwide [2]. Apart from the local damage and inflammation of pelvic region including prostate, longitudinal clinical changes in CP/CPPS patients may also include painful bladder filling and/or painful urinary urgency [3], irritable bowel syndrome [4], fibromyalgia [5], chronic fatigue syndrome [6], structural and functional brain changes [7], depression, and panic disorders [8]. Management of CP/CPPS patients has always been a formidable
0360-3997/20/0000-0001/0 # 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Liu, Tang, Zhang, Li, Lv, Min, and Zhou task in clinical practice. The unclear etiology slows the development of therapies. Various theories have been suggested to explain CP/ CPPS. The autoimmune origin has emerged as an important area [9, 10]. The identification of target antigens in autoimmu
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