Temperature-dependent nanoindentation response of materials
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Temperature-dependent nanoindentation response of materials Saeed Zare Chavoshi, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK Shuozhi Xu, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6105, USA Address all correspondence to Saeed Zare Chavoshi at [email protected] (Received 11 December 2017; accepted 6 February 2018)
Abstract It is of the uttermost interest to understand the mechanical performance and deformation mechanisms contributing to small-scale plasticity of materials in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems at their service temperatures, which are usually above room temperature. In recent years, high-temperature nanoindentation experiments have emerged as a reliable approach to characterize the deformation behavior of materials at the nano and submicron scale. In this review, we highlight the role of the temperature in nanoindentation response of a wide variety of materials, with a particular focus on the thermally-activated deformation mechanisms in crystalline and non-crystalline materials under the indenter, e.g., dislocation processes, shear transformation zone, and phase transformations. A brief survey of the temperature-dependent nanoindentation elastic modulus, hardness, and creep behavior of materials is also provided. We also discuss experimental methods for correctly measuring the mechanical properties of materials at high temperatures.
Introduction The focus of scientific research within the past decade has shifted to the investigation of the material behavior at the nanoscale. The proliferation of researchers studying materials on this length scale has resulted in the invention of the phrase “nanotechnology”. Meanwhile, studies of mechanical properties on this scale have led to the term “nanomechanics”, which is a subfield of mechanics characterizing the mechanical behavior of materials at atomic level subject to different types of boundary conditions.[1] As almost all mechanical properties of materials are temperature-dependent, small-scale characterization at high temperatures could lead to substantial opportunities in nanomechanics to understand material behavior at service temperatures and conditions relevant to industrial applications.[2] Accordingly, high-temperature nanomechanical testing techniques, predominantly high-temperature nanoindentation, are becoming increasingly popular among researchers within the nanomechanics community. The simplicity of the sample requirement, automated data collection and analysis, as well as the capability to probe small-scale physical phenomena in materials, such as dislocation nucleation, shear band activation, and phase transformations, have made high-temperature nanoindentation a powerful tool for small-scale materials characterization at elevated temperatures.[3] On the other hand, regardless of the specimen size, reliable high-temperature characterization calls for precise application and measurement of deformation (load or displacement) w
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