Temperature Effects

The first impetus to examine the influence of temperature on the period was provided by the assumption that the endogenous diurnal rhythm is based upon alternating chemical processes. One expected a shortening of the periods at high temperatures, and a le

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BY

ERWIN BaNNING UNIVERSITY OF TUBING EN, GERMANY

WITH 135 FIGURES

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1964

Published in U.S. A. and Canada by A C A D E M I C PRESS INC., PUBLISHERS 111 Fifth Avenue, New York 3, New York

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 63-22767 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publishers.

ISBN 978-3-662-22513-4 ISBN 978-3-662-22511-0 (eBook) D O I 10.1007/978-3-662-22511-0 The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, etc. i n this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks A c t , may accordingly be used freely by anyone

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1964 Originally published by S P R I N G E R - V E R L A G

OHG

B E R L I N • G O T T I N G E N • H E I D E L B E R G i n 1964 Softcover reprint o f the hardcover 1st edition 1964

Translated f r o m t h e second German edition of ,,Die Physiologische

Uhr"

S P R I N G E R - V E R L A G / B e r l i n • Gottingen • Heidelberg 1963

Preface This book is a translation of the second Gennan edition (1963). In a few places modifications have been made to take into account important works that have since appeared. The aim has not been an all-embracing survey of experimental facts on the subject, but rather to emphasize the physiological kinship of phenomena having a wide variety of names, and to show thereby the great extent to which the physiological clock influences quite different phenomena in the "behaviour" of unicellular organisms, of higher plants, of animals, and of human beings. Furthennore, an attempt has been made to make as thorough an analysis of the mechanism of the clock as is possible at the present time. The first draft of the translation was made by Dr. LARS LORCHER (now of the Division of Radiation and Organisms, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.). The whole script was then thoroughly revised and corrected by Prof. Dr. FRANK SALISBURY (Department of Botany, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado). Finally, I made amendments and additions to the presentation, as they seemed to me to be necessary, in order to keep abreast of recent developments. Mr. DEREK MCCULLOCH (at present Lecturer in English Language in the University of Tiibingen) then checked the manuscript. I should like to thank all those involved in the translation for their efforts. Nor can I neglect, even in this English version, to offer my sincere thanks to all collaborators and many colleagues at home and abroad for their encouragement and criticism. October 1963

ERWIN BUNNING

Contents Chapter 1. Introduction . . References to Chapter 1 . Chapter 2. Endodiurnal Oscillations as the Principle of Many Physiological Time Measuring Processes . . . . . . . . . . . a) The physiological clock works by oscillations b) Historical development . c) Length of the periods. d) Heridity . . . . . .