Temporal Coordination and Prosodic Structure in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Timing Across Speech and Non-speech Motor Doma
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Temporal Coordination and Prosodic Structure in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Timing Across Speech and Non‑speech Motor Domains Kathryn Franich1,3 · Hung Yat Wong2 · Alan C. L. Yu3 · Carol K. S. To2 Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit disordered speech prosody, but sources of disordered prosody remain poorly understood. We explored patterns of temporal alignment and prosodic grouping in a speech-based metronome repetition task as well as manual coordination in a drum tapping task among Cantonese speakers with ASD and normal nonverbal IQ and matched controls. Results indicate similar group results for prosodic grouping patterns, but significant differences in relative timing and longer syllable durations at phrase ends for the ASD group. Variability on the speech task was significantly correlated with variability on the drumming task, consistent with the view that impairment in both speech and non-speech motor domains can be linked with deficits in temporal processing. Keywords Autism · Prosody · Speech timing · Temporal processing · Motor control
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction (American Psychiatric Association 2013), as well as by impairments in motor control (Bhat et al. 2011). In terms of communicative deficits, disordered prosody—which refers primarily to suprasegmental features of speech such as phrasing, intonation, and rhythm— have been noted since early work on ASD (Asperger and Frith 1991; Kanner 1968). Clinical impressions have variously referred to the speech of individuals with ASD as ‘monotone’, ‘robotic’, ‘staccato’, ‘jerky’, and ‘sing-songy’ (Asperger 1952; Baron-Cohen and Staunton 1994; Kanner 1943), and atypical prosodic features have been described as among the first identifiable characteristics that create an impression of “oddness” among peers of individuals with * Kathryn Franich [email protected] 1
Present Address: Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of Delaware, 125 E Main St., Newark, DE 19711, USA
2
Faculty of Education, Hong Kong University, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
3
Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
ASD (Mesibov 1992; Van Bourgonien and Woods 1992). A growing body of acoustic studies have confirmed such impressions, demonstrating that individuals with ASD show generally slower speech rate (Patel et al. 2020), greater intonational range (Diehl and Paul 2009; Nadig and Shaw 2012) as well as differences in durational cues to prosodic phrasing and stress (Fosnot and Jun 1999; Paul et al. 2008). The two gold-standard diagnostic tools of ASD, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second version (ADOS-2) (Lord et al. 2012) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADIR) (Le Couteur et al. 2003) both include speech prosody impairments as a diagnostic feature of ASD. There i
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