Tessier sequential extraction on 17 elements from three marine sediment certified reference materials (HISS-1, MESS-4, a
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RESEARCH PAPER
Tessier sequential extraction on 17 elements from three marine sediment certified reference materials (HISS-1, MESS-4, and PACS-3) Paramee Kumkrong 1 & Ovi Mihai 1 & Patrick H. J. Mercier 1 & Indu Gedara Pihilligawa 1 & Daniel D. Tyo 1 & Zoltán Mester 1 Received: 18 September 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 # Crown 2020
Abstract The four-step Tessier sequential extraction procedure is a well-known approach used for environmental and geochemical studies in soil and sediments. However, a lack of reference materials limits its use making implementation and quality control cumbersome. This study applied Tessier sequential extraction to three globally used marine sediment certified reference materials (CRMs) including HISS-1, MESS-4, and PACS-3 with varying levels of contamination. The study analyzed the distribution of 17 elements throughout the extraction phases. Overall, the percent recovery (sum of steps vs total metal concentration) of all analyzed elements in Tessier extraction was 92% + 40% in HISS-1, 101% + 12% in MESS-4, and 102% + 10% in PACS-3. The observed uncertainty of the individual elemental concentrations averaged at 13%, which compares favorably with the 16% target uncertainty derived from the Horwitz equation. The reference data set produced here using the Tessier sequential extraction procedure will serve as a quality control and method development tool for laboratories.
Keywords Distribution . Certified reference material . Sequential extraction . Recovery . Uncertainty Abbreviations °C Degree Celsius μm Micrometer BCR Community Bureau of Reference CI Confidence interval CRC Collision reaction cell CRM(s) Certified reference material(s) DIW Deionized water eV Electron volt Ext sol# Extraction solution g Gram h Hour ICP Inductively coupled plasma ISO International Organization for Standardization L Liter log Logarithm mol L−1 Mole per liter mg Milligram min Minute
mL MS MΩ-cm na nd nr NRC OES rpm RSD SD SR ustd U v w
* Paramee Kumkrong [email protected]
The association between metals bound to sediments is of interest because their potential release could pose significant environmental challenges [1, 2]. Marine sediments are mainly composed of biogenous, hydrogenous, and lithogenous sediments [3], and also receive foreign
1
National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
Milliliter Mass spectrometry Megohm-centimeter Not applicable Not detected Not reported National Research Council Canada Optical emission spectrometry Revolutions per minute Relative standard deviation Standard deviation Reproducibility standard deviation Standard uncertainty Expanded uncertainty Volume Weight
Introduction
Kumkrong P. et al.
Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, U, V, and Zn) in three marine sediment CRMs produced by National Research Council Canada (NRC). The three CRMs included the following: HISS-1, a clean sediment; MESS-4, a moderately contaminated sediment; and PACS-3, a highly contaminated marine sediment [27–29]. These were c
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