Textbook of Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography
Tremendous improvements in ultrasound technology have led to development of one of the most impressive advancements in the use of ultrasound to assess cardiac morphology and function: three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). During the last decade, 3DE h
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Textbook of Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography
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Textbook of Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography
Luigi P. Badano • Roberto M. Lang José Luis Zamorano (Editors)
Textbook of Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography
Editors Luigi P. Badano Department of Cardiac, Vascular, and Thoracic Sciences University of Padua Via Giustiniani 2 35128 Padova Italy José Luis Zamorano Hospital Clinico San Carlos Instituto Cardiovascular C/Professor Martin Lagos s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
Roberto M. Lang Department of Medicine University of Chicago Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging Laboratory Section of Cardiology MC 5084, S. Maryland Ave. 5841 Chicago IL 60637 USA
ISBN 978-1-84996-494-4 e-ISBN 978-1-84996-495-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84996-495-1 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extra.springer.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938794 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
No other imaging modality has so much contributed to the development of our knowledge in cardiology such as echocardiography. More than half a century has passed since the first exploration of human cardiac structures was obtained in vivo. In early 1950s two pioneers, I. Edler and CH Hertz, certainly were full of enthusiasm and willingness in pursuing research once they realized that the heart could be explored thanks to a single ultrasound beam oriented in the chest by the hand of a physician, but very unlikely, at that time, they were able to minimally predict both the future extraordinary technological evolution of cardiac ultrasound and its unbelievable impact on the progress of our understanding and recognition of almost every cardiac disease. In half a century of its history and technological e
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