Right ventricular three-dimensional echocardiography: the current status and future perspectives
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Right ventricular three‑dimensional echocardiography: the current status and future perspectives Yoshihiro Seo1 · Tomoko Ishizu2 · Masaki Ieda2 · Nobuyuki Ohte1 Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 © Japanese Society of Echocardiography 2020
Abstract This review focused on right ventricular (RV) three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and discussed the following agenda. First, we summarized the clinical RV anatomy and function-related RV3DE use followed by the explanations about 3DSTE image acquisition, including pitfall. Next, we reviewed the reliability and feasibility of RV volume and RV ejection fraction measurements during the last decade. Besides, we described the techniques that might overcome the dropout images at RV anterior and out tract including the current limitations. Finally, speckle tracking echocardiography by RV3DE and novel RV shape assessment were reviewed. This review will help you get comprehensive information on the current status and future perspectives of RV3DE. Keywords Right ventricle · Three-dimensional echocardiography · Ejection fraction · Speckle tracking echocardiography
Introduction The right ventricle once called a “forgotten ventricle” has gained attention as the important chamber during the last 2 decades. In contrast, there is a viewpoint that the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is common due to afterload mismatch, so the intrinsic RV function in PAH cannot be evaluated and the clinical significance of such an attempt may be low [1]. However, evidence has been accumulated that the RV function is involved in the pathophysiology and is associated with clinical outcomes in various heart disorders, including heart failure, RV myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease, and PAH. Above all, the development of imaging modalities, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) has supported the recent novel findings. Therefore, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12574-020-00468-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yoshihiro Seo yo‑[email protected]‑cu.ac.jp 1
Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho‑cho, Mizuho‑ku, Nagoya 467‑8601, Japan
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1‑1‑1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305‑8575, Japan
2
we believe that appropriate knowledge of RV morphology and function is mandatory for physicians, echo-cardiologists, and sonographers. In the current clinical setting, we use twodimensional echocardiography (2DE) in assessing RV function. However, we understand the limitations of 2DE due to the unique morphology and contraction of the RV and know that three-dimensional (or four-dimensional) echocardiography (3DE) is ideal. However, 3DE is yet challenging for clinicians. The goal of this review is to provide comprehensive information about the current status and future persp
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