The application of molecular imaging to advance translational research in chronic inflammation
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National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD
Received Sep 28, 2020; accepted Oct 17, 2020 doi:10.1007/s12350-020-02439-z
Over the past several decades, molecular imaging techniques to assess cellular processes in vivo have been integral in advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in particular has shaped the field of atherosclerosis research by highlighting the importance of underlying inflammatory processes that are responsible for driving disease progression. The ability to assess physiology using molecular imaging, combining it with anatomic delineation using cardiac coronary angiography (CCTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lab-based techniques, provides a powerful combination to advance both research and ultimately clinical care. In this review, we demonstrate how molecular imaging studies, specifically using 18-FDG PET, have revealed that early vascular disease is a systemic process with multiple, concurrent biological mechanisms using inflammatory diseases as a basis to understand early atherosclerotic mechanisms in humans. (J Nucl Cardiol 2020) Key Words: Atherosclerosis Æ inflammation Æ 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) Æ immunology INTRODUCTION The use of radiolabeled imaging probes in molecular imaging offers the unique ability to assess molecular processes, evaluate organ function and probe
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-020-02439-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The authors of this article have provided a PowerPoint file, available for download at SpringerLink, which summarises the contents of the paper and is free for re-use at meetings and presentations. Search for the article DOI on SpringerLink.com. The authors have also provided an audio summary of the article, which is available to download as ESM, or to listen to via the JNC/ASNC Podcast. Reprint requests: Nehal N. Mehta, MD, MSCE, FAHA, Cardiovascular Branch, NHLBI, 10 Center Drive, CRC, Room 5-5140, Bethesda, MD 20892; [email protected] 1071-3581/$34.00 Copyright Ó 2020 This is a U.S. government work and its text is not subject to copyright protection in the United States; however, its text may be subject to foreign copyright protection.
underlying disease pathogenesis.1 Molecular imaging techniques are highly relevant in atherosclerosis, especially for early disease detection and understanding inflammation-driven disease progression related to coronary plaque disease activity.1 From early observations that increased deoxyglucose is trapped by macrophages in tumor cells2,3 to determination that macrophage density is increased in atherosclerotic plaques,4,5 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) was established as a useful methodology to investigate inflammatory plaques in both animal and human models.5-8 More recentl
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