The asymmetric effect of tourism, financial development, and globalization on ecological footprint in Turkey
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The asymmetric effect of tourism, financial development, and globalization on ecological footprint in Turkey Danish Iqbal Godil 1 & Arshian Sharif 2,3 & Saima Rafique 4 & Kittisak Jermsittiparsert 5,6 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the growing interest among researchers in analyzing the ecological footprint of any country, this study focuses on new dimensions to analyze the long-run and short-run asymmetric impact of tourism, financial development, and globalization on ecological footprint in Turkey by using Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag model for the period from 1986 to 2018. Further, the EKC hypothesis was also tested. The results show that tourism, globalization, and financial development are positively and significantly associated with the EFP. This means that the increase in these variables will further increase the ecological footprint in Turkey. The U-shaped EKC curve was found to be valid in Turkey. The results also depict nonlinear and asymmetric association among most of the variables. Hence, based on the results, further research directions and practical implications can be suggested. Keywords Tourism . Ecological footprint . Globalization . Financial development . Turkey
Introduction Thus, the purpose of this particular study is to investigate the association of tourism, FDEV, and globalization with the EFP in Turkey, through which the effective policy measures will be proposed depending on the results of the study. One of the major global issues for future generations that have been increasingly threatening and responsible for global warming is environmental degradation (EN_DEG). The world is striving for the protection of the environment along with the achievement of economic development simultaneously. In many studies, it has been observed that due to a continuous decline in environmental quality, it becomes vital for the countries to
develop some strategies that reduce these deteriorations so that the quality of the environment can be improved. In literary studies, it has been examined that human beings have unlimited needs and as the natural resources are limited with higher economic well-being and expansion stages; the energy consumption, in this case, leads to pollution and environment degradation (Borhan and Ahmed 2012; Anatasia 2015; Jumadilova 2012; Zee and Burford 2008; Katircioglu 2014). Further, it also becomes important that natural habitat should be preserved in this process of economic welfare. Keeping this view in mind, economic growth and pollution have been researched comprehensively in the previous literature. By extending the classical work of Kuznets (1955), many
Responsible editor: Eyup Dogan * Kittisak Jermsittiparsert [email protected] Danish Iqbal Godil [email protected] Arshian Sharif [email protected]
2
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Changlun, Malaysia
3
Department o
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