The Channel Physiology of the Skin
During embryonic development, the skin, the largest organ of the human body, and nervous system are both derived from the neuroectoderm. Consequently, several key factors and mechanisms that influence and control central or peripheral nervous system activ
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ct During embryonic development, the skin, the largest organ of the human body, and nervous system are both derived from the neuroectoderm. Consequently, several key factors and mechanisms that influence and control central or peripheral nervous system activities are also present and hence involved in various regulatory mechanisms of the skin. Apparently, this is the case for the ion and non-ion selective channels as well. Therefore, in this review, we shall focus on delineating the regulatory roles of the channels in skin physiology and pathophysiology. First, we introduce key cutaneous functions and major characteristics of the channels in question. Then, we systematically detail the involvement of a multitude of channels in such skin processes (e.g. skin barrier formation, maintenance, and repair, immune mechanisms, exocrine secretion) which are mostly defined by cutaneous non-neuronal cell populations. Finally, we close by summarizing data suggesting that selected channels are also involved in skin diseases such as e.g. atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, non-melanoma cancers and malignant melanoma, genetic and autoimmune diseases, etc., as well as in skin ageing.
List of Abbreviations 5-HT ACh ACTH AD AML AMP
5-Hydroxytryptamine Acethylcholine Corticotropin Atopic dermatitis Antimicrobial lipid Antimicrobial peptide
A. Ola´h, A.G. Szo¨llo˝si and T. Bı´ro´ (*) DE-MTA “Lendu¨let” Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol, doi: 10.1007/112_2012_7 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
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AMPA(R) AQP ATP BCC BK Cav [Ca2+]e [Ca2+]i CCL CGRP ChAT CNG channels COX CRH CVI Cx CXCL CXCR DD DMBA EGF ENaC GABA HS ICAM-1 IK1 IL I-RTX K2P KCa Kir LPS mAChR mGluR MMP-1 MUFA nAChR Nav NGF NHEK NK-1 (receptor) NMDA(R)
A. Ola´h et al.
a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (receptor) Aquaporin Adenosine-50 - triphosphate Basal cell carcinoma Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+-channel L-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels Extracellular Ca2+-concentration Intracellular Ca2+-concentration Chemokine ligand Calcitonin gene-related peptide Choline-acetyltransferase Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels Cyclooxygenase Corticotropin releasing hormone Chronic venous insufficiency Connexin CXC chemokine ligand CXC chemokine ligand receptor Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis) Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Epidermal growth factor Amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels Gamma-aminobutyric acid Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 Intermediate conductance KCa Interleukin 50 -Iodoresiniferatoxin Two-pore K+-channels Ca2+-activated K+-channels Inward rectifier K+-channels Bacterial lipopolysaccharide Muscarinic acethylcholine receptor Metabotropic glutamate receptor Matrix metalloproteinase-1 Monounsaturated fatty acid Nicotinic acethylcholine receptor Vol
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