The dihydroflavonol 4-reductase BoDFR1 drives anthocyanin accumulation in pink-leaved ornamental kale
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The dihydroflavonol 4‑reductase BoDFR1 drives anthocyanin accumulation in pink‑leaved ornamental kale Xin Feng1,2 · Yuting Zhang1,2 · Huan Wang1 · Zhendong Tian1 · Siyao Xin1 · Pengfang Zhu1,2 Received: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Key message Overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing verified BoDFR1 conferred the anthocyanin accumulation in pink-leaved ornamental kale. Abstract Leaf color is an essential trait in the important horticultural biennial plant ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). The identity of the gene conferring this striking trait and its mode of inheritance are topics of debate. Based on an analysis of F1, F2, BC1P1, and B C1P2 ornamental kale populations derived from a cross between a pink-leaved P28 and white-leaved D10 line, we determined that the pink leaf trait is controlled by a semi-dominant gene. We cloned two genes potentially involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in ornamental kale: Bo9g058630 and Bo6g100940. Based on their variation in sequence, we speculated that Bo9g058630, encoding the kale dihydroflavonol-4 reductase (BoDFR1) enzyme, plays a critical role in the development of the pink leaf trait. Indeed, an InDel marker specific for BoDFR1 completely co-segregated with the pink leaf trait in our F 2 population. We then generated the 35Spro: DFR-GUS overexpression vector, which we transformed into D10. Overexpression of BoDFR1 indeed restored some anthocyanin accumulation in this white-leaved parental line. In addition, we targeted BoDFR1 in P28 using virus-induced gene silencing. Again, silencing of BoDFR1 resulted in a substantial decrease in anthocyanin accumulation. This work lays the foundation for further exploration of the mechanism underlying anthocyanin accumulation in pink-leaved ornamental kale.
Introduction Anthocyanins are responsible for the pink, red, purple, or blue appearance of plant tissues in the plant kingdom. Anthocyanins are mainly distributed in the vacuoles of various plant tissues such as leaves (Zhu et al. 2018; Su et al. 2020), petals (Xiang et al. 2019; Zhong et al. 2020), curds (Chiu et al. 2010), leaf-head (He et al. 2020), and Communicated by Carlos F. Quiros. Co-first authors: Xin Feng and Yuting Zhang. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03688-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pengfang Zhu [email protected] 1
College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
2
rhizomes (Wang et al. 2020). Anthocyanins participate in plant defenses against the damage caused by high light as well as against several biotic and abiotic stresses (Gould 2004). Furthermore, when consumed as part of the diet, anthocyanins have recognized human health benefits due to their anti-oxidant prop
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