The effect of alpha lipoic acid on passive avoidance and social interaction memory, pain perception, and locomotor activ
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ARTICLE
The effect of alpha lipoic acid on passive avoidance and social interaction memory, pain perception, and locomotor activity in REM sleep‑deprived rats Mohadese Sadat Mahdavi1 · Mohammad Nasehi2 · Salar Vaseghi2,3 · Zahra Mousavi1 · Mohammad‑Reza Zarrindast3,4,5 Received: 22 June 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Background Evidence shows the vital role of sleep in the modulation of cognitive functions. Sleep deprivation (SD) can disrupt learning and memory processes. SD also affects pain perception and locomotor activity. Furthermore, alpha lipoic acid (ALA) may induce antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. ALA affects memory processes, pain subthreshold, and locomotor activity. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of REM (rapid-eye movement) SD and ALA on social and passive avoidance memory, locomotor activity, and pain perception. Methods Multiple-platform apparatus was used to induce REM SD for 24 h. Three-chamber paradigm test, the shuttle box, locomotion apparatus, and hot plate were used to assess social interaction memory, passive avoidance memory, locomotor activity, and pain perception, respectively. ALA was injected intraperitoneally at the doses of 35 and 70 mg/kg. Results 24 h REM SD impaired both types of memory. In addition, ALA (35 mg/kg) reversed REM SD-induced memory impairments. However, ALA (70 mg/kg) impaired social memory with no effect on REM SD-induced memory impairments. ALA (70 mg/kg) also decreased pain subthreshold in REM SD rats. Conclusion REM SD impairs social interaction and passive avoidance memory. Furthermore, ALA may exhibit a dosedependent manner in some cognitive tasks. ALA can induce a therapeutic effect at one dose, and an impairment effect at another dose (lower or higher), while the cognitive task and the conditions are equal. Keywords Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) · Social interaction memory · Passive avoidance memory · Pain · Locomotor activity · Rat
Introduction * Mohammad Nasehi [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir‑Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 13145‑784, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Studies have reported the role of sleep in learning and memory processes [1, 2]. It has been shown that sleep is critically involved in the consolidation of newly acquired memories [3]. Previous research has revealed that sleep modulates neuronal activity during memory storage,
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