The effect of exercise on anxiety in the elderly worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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The effect of exercise on anxiety in the elderly worldwide: a systematic review and meta‑analysis Mohsen Kazeminia1, Nader Salari2*, Aliakbar Vaisi‑Raygani3, Rostam Jalali3, Alireza Abdi3, Masoud Mohammadi3* , Alireza Daneshkhah4, Melika Hosseinian‑Far5 and Shamarina Shohaimi6
Abstract Background: Physical activity and exercise are among the most important, simplest, and cheapest approaches to anxiety treatment, especially for the elderly. Their positive effects on improvement of mental disorders in the elderly have attracted a considerable level of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of sport on reducing anxiety in the elderly using meta-analysis. Methods: In this study, national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched to find studies published electronically from 1999 to 2019. Heterogeneity between the collected studies was determined using the Cochran’s test (Q) and I2. Due to presence of heterogeneity, the random effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean difference of sport test scores obtained from the measurement of anxiety reduction among the elderly, between the intervention group before and after the test. Results: In this meta-analysis and systematic review, 19 papers finally met the inclusion criteria. The overall sample size of all collected studies for the meta-analysis was 841 s. Mean anxiety score before and after intervention were 38.7 ± 5.6 33.7 ± 3.4 respectively, denoting a decrease in anxiety score after intervention. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that Sport significantly reduces Anxiety in the Elderly. Therefore, a regular exercise program can be considered as a part of the elderly care program. Keywords: Sport, Anxiety, Elderly, Meta-analysis Background Aging is an inevitable process in all human beings [1]. It is a natural developmental stage in which particular physical, psychological, and social changes occur [2]. In other words, aging is referred to spontaneous and progressive
*Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 3 Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
irreversible analytical changes in which both physical and mental forces are significantly impaired [3]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that, by 2020, the population of people over 65 years of age will account for 20% of the world’s population, while about 70% of them live in developing countries [4]. In the elderly, all organs of the body undergo a degree of deterioration in their functions; consequently, many chronic diseases occur in the elderly including cardiovascular diseases (e.g. hypertension, coronary artery
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